Text B. Composite materials

Although composite materials have certain advantages over conventional materials, composites also have some disadvantages. For example, PMCs and other composite materials tend to be highly anisotropic that is, their strength, stiffness, and other engineering properties are different depending on the orientation of the composite material. For example, if a PMC is fabricated so that all the fibres are lined up parallel to one another, then the pMC will be very stiff in the direction parallel to the fibres, but not stiff in the perpendicular direction. The designer who uses composite materials in structures subjected to multidirectional forces, must take these anisotropic properties into account. Also, forming strong connections between separate composite material components is difficult.

The advanced composites have high manufacturing costs. Fabricating composite materials is a complex process. However, new manufacturing techniques are developed. It will become possible to produce composite materials at higher volumes and at a lower cost than is now possible, accelerating the wider exploitation of these materials.

Text C. What is engineering?

In general, engineering is a science that deals with design, construction and operation of structures, machines, engines and other devices. Engineer is a person who has received technical education and has a basic knowledge of other engineering fields, because most engineering problems are complex and interrelated. The term engineering is difficult to translate into Russian because it has a lot of meanings. Most often it is translated as: инженерное дело, техника, машиностроение, строительство. There exist the following main branches of engineering.

5. Переведите на русский язык следующие слова:грубый, форма (для отливки), ковать, расширение, матрица, керамический.

6. Переведите на английский язык следующие слова и словосочетания: композитные материалы, эксплуатация, упрочненный, удельная прочность.

7. Переведите на русский язык предложение, содержащее модальный глагол или его эквивалент. This latter case is considerably more difficult to represent, since all subcomponents of a program will need to be activated.

8. Выпишите из текста «C» предложение, содержащее сказуемое в страдательном зaлоге. Переведите предложение на русский язык.

9. Составьте резюме, используя образец в Приложении.

КОНТРОЛЬНАЯ РАБОТА № 1

Вариант № 7.

Выполните следующие задания:

1. Образуйте форму множественного числа следующих существительных: element, nature, liquid, director, time, man, textbook.

2. Напишите формы возвратных местоимений, объясните правила их использования в предложении.

3. Образуйте степени сравнения следующих прилагательных и наречий: important, wild, interesting, little, bad, first, last, wonderful.

4.Прочтите и переведите тексты. Текст «А» переведите письменно и ответьте на вопросы после текста.