2015-03-07
578
—Vocabulary
To adjust to change – настраиваться на перемены
psychomotor – психомоторный, относящийся к произвольным движениям
locomotor area – двигательное пространство
cognitive area – познавательное пространство
affective area – эмоциональное пространство
muscular or mechanical skills – мышечные или механические навыки
to use crayons – использовать цветной карандаш или мел
as learning an intricate ballet movement – как изучение замысловатых балетных движений
character education – личностное образование
citizenship training – гражданское воспитание
expenditures – расходы
handicapped – физически или умственно неполноценный
gifted children – одаренные дети
general education – общее образование
professional education – профессиональное образование
special education – специальное образование
adult education – образование взрослых
Education is also important because it helps people get more out of life. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. Education helps people acquire skills that make their lives more interesting and enjoyable. Such skills include those needed to participate in a sport, paint a picture, or play a musical instrument.
Education also helps people adjust to change. This benefit has become increasingly important because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide the skills for adjusting of them. Some educators study the objectives (goals) of education. Their concern has led to the classification of all educational objectives into three areas: (1) the psychomotor, or locomotor area, (2) the cognitive area, and (3) the affective area.
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The psychomotor area includes the development of a person’s muscular or mechanical skills. These skills are often related to courses in handwriting, speech, and physical education, and to professional and technical courses. They may be as simple as learning to use crayons or as complicated as learning an intricate ballet movement. The cognitive area aims at increasing a person’s knowledge and intellectual skills. It deals with the ability to think and reason effectively. The largest proportion of educational objectives falls into this area. The affective area deals with feelings, values, and appreciations. It aims at helping an individual develop moral and spiritual values and healthy attitudes and emotions. Such education is often called character education or citizenship training.
Most countries spend a large amount of time and money to provide formal education for their citizens. In the late 1980’s, there were about 950 million students and about 45 million teachers in elementary schools, high schools, and colleges and universities throughout the world. In the United States alone, there were about 58 million students and about 3.5 million teachers. These groups accounted for about a fourth of all people in the United States. Millions of Americans are also employed in non-teaching jobs related to education. These people include school cafeteria workers, nurses, and secretaries; school bus drivers; textbook publishers; and producers of educational materials and equipment.
The costs of education have been increasing rapidly. In the late 1980’s, for example, annual school expenditures in the United States totaled about $6¼ billion. In the late 1980’s, Americans spent about $360 billion a year on education.
The school systems of all modern nations provide both general education and professional education. Most countries also provide special education programs for handicapped or gifted children. Adult education programs are provided for people who wish to continue their education after completing full-time school.
? 1. Give Russian equivalents of the following phrases:
Increases their knowledge and understanding of the world; make their lives more interesting and enjoyable; increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people; courses in handwriting, speech, and physical education; cognitive area aims at increasing a person’s knowledge and intellectual skills; large amount of time and money to provide formal education; annual school expenditures; special educationprograms for handicapped or gifted children.
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2. Say if the following sentences are true or false.
1. Education is also not so important because it doesn’t help people get more out of life. 2. It increases their knowledge and understanding of the world. 3. This benefit has become increasingly important because social changes today take place with increasing speed and affect the lives of more and more people. 4. Education can’t help a person understand these changes and provide the skills for adjusting of them. 5. Most countries spend a little amount of time and money to provide formal education for their citizens. 6. Millions of Americans are also employed in non-teaching jobs related to education. 7. The costs of education haven’t been increasing rapidly. 8. The school systems of all modern nations provide both general education and professional education.
3. Insert missing words, use the text’s vocabulary:
1. Education helps people … skills that make their lives more interesting and enjoyable. 2. Such skills include those needed to … in a sport, … a picture, or play a … …. 3. Some educators study the …(…) of education. 4. The cognitive area aims at increasing a person’s … and … skills. 5. It deals with the ability to … and reason effectively. 6. The largest proportion of educational objectives … into this area. 7. These … include school cafeteria workers, nurses, and secretaries; school bus drivers; textbook publishers; and producers of educational materials and equipment. 8. …programs are provided for people who wish to continue their education after completing full-time school.
4. Translate these sentences into your native language:
1. Education can help a person understand these changes and provide the skills for adjusting of them. 2. These skills are often related to courses in handwriting, speech, and physical education, and to professional and technical courses. 3. They may be as simple as learning to use crayons or as complicated as learning an intricate ballet movement. 4.In the late 1980’s, there were about 950 million students and about 45 million teachers in elementary schools, high schools, and colleges and universities throughout the world. 5. Millions of Americans are also employed in non-teaching jobs related to education.6. In the late 1980’s, for example, annual school expenditures in the United States totaled about $6¼ billion. In the late 1980’s, Americans spent about $360 billion a year on education. 7. Most countries also provide special educationprograms for handicapped or gifted children.
