2015-03-07
492
При переводе повествовательного предложения из прямой речи в косвенную производятся следующие изменения:
а) повествовательное предложение вводится союзом that, который, однако, часто опускается.
e.g.: He says, “They will achieve success”. – He says (that) they will achieve success.
б) личные и притяжательные местоимения заменяются по смыслу:
e.g.: He says, “ I’ vejust seen your elder brother.” – He says (that) he has just seen my elder brother.
в) если после глагола to say имеется предложное дополнение, указывающее на лицо, к которому обращена речь, то он заменяется глаголом to tell.
e.g.: She has said to me, “I’m awfully tired” – She has told me that she is awfully tired.
Если глагол в главном предложении стоит в Simple Past, Past Continuous или Past Perfect, то время глагола прямой речи должно быть заменено в соответствии с правилами согласования времен.
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech |
| Simple Present Present Continuous Simple Past Present Perfect Simple Future | Simple Past Past continuous Past Perfect Past perfect Future in the Past |
При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную заменяются следующие указательные местоимения, наречия времени и места:
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech | |||
| this- these now today yesterday the day before yesterday tomorrow the day after tomorrow next week (month, year) last week (year) | that-those then that day the day before two days before the next day; the following day in two days’ time the following (the next) week (month, year) the previous week(year), a year (a week) before | |||
| Direct Speech | Reported Speech | |||
| He said, He said to me, | “Peter is looking through the paper now ”. “I went to see them the day before yesterday. ” “I’ ll go there tomorrow. ” “My father died a year ago. ” | He said (that) | Peter was looking through the paper then. he had gone to see them two days before. he would go there the following day. his father had died year before. | |
Примечание: 1. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную Simple Past и Past Continuous могут сохраняться без изменений, если указано время совершения действия.
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e.g.: He said, “Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928”. – He said that Bernard Shaw visited the Soviet Union in 1928.
2. При переводе из прямой речи в косвенную не изменяется.
e.g.: He said tome, “The book had been out by last June”. – He told me (that) the book had been out by the previous June.
3. а) Если говорящий сообщает о происходящем в тот же день, то наречия времени не изменяются.
e.g.: At breakfast this morning he said, “I’ll be very busy today ”. – At breakfast this morning he said that he would be very busy toda y.
б) Наречия будущего времени могут корректироваться в зависимости от того, когда передается косвенная речь.
e.g.: On Monday John says to Tom, “I’m leaving the day after tomorrow. ” On Tuesday Tom sees Bill and says to him, “John said he was leaving tomorrow. ” On Wednesday Tom may say to Ben, “John said he was leaving today. ”
