Translate the following sentences into English and point out the difference in the way subordinate clauses are introduced in Russian and in English

1. Князь Багратион… сказал «хорошо» с таким выражением, как будто все то, что происходило и что ему сообщали, было именно то, что он уже предвидел. 2. В начале действий он знал только то, что по всему его полку стали летать ядра и гранаты… 3. Но одна мысль о том, что он боится, снова подняла его. 4. На слова Жеркова некоторые улыбнулись, как и всегда ожидая от него шутки; но, заметив, что то, что он говорил, клонилось тоже к славе нашего оружия и нынешнего дня, приняли серьезное выражение, хотя многие очень хорошо знали, что то, что говорил Жерков, была ложь, ни на чем не основанная. 5. «И что за глупость все то, что я рассказываю, как будто это меня интересует, — думал дипломат, взглядывая на счастливые лица любовников,— вот это счастие!» 6. «Не для тебя это счастье, — говорил ему какой-то внутренний голос. — Это счастье для тех, у кого нет того, что есть у тебя». 7. «Ах, Наташа!» — сказала Соня восторженно и серьезно, не глядя на свою подругу, как будто она считала ее недостойною слышать то, что она намерена была сказать…8. Она чувствовала, что то, что говорила Соня, была правда… 9. «Но что забавнее всего, — сказал он, вдруг добродушно засмеявшись, — это то, что никак не могли придумать, как ему адресовать ответ?» 10. Несколько минут после того, как проехал государь, дивизион павлоградцев потребовали вперед. 11. Возвращаясь домой, князь Андрей не мог удержаться, чтобы не спросить молчаливо сидевшего подле него Кутузова о том, что он думает о завтрашнем сражении? 12. «На горе пикет, ваше сиятельство, все там же, где был с вечера», — доложил Ростов…

Synthesis

Combine each group of sentences to form not more than two complex sentences. You may make any necessary changes in the disposition of material and in the wording, but must not change the sense of the original. Skeleton structures have been suggested for many of the sentences to indicate possible approaches to the synthesis, but you should feel free to adopt their own approach.

1. No one was watching. The thief first made sure of this. He climbed up a drainpipe. He climbed up to a window on the first floor. He succeeded in entering the house through the window. He was not observed.

Having first..., the thief... to a first-floor..., through which... unobserved.

2. I had the opportunity of spending my holiday at sea. I had no experience of sailing. Nevertheless, I decided to take the opportunity. Some friends of mine invited me to join them. They were very keen yachtsmen. They wanted to sail round the British Isles.

Despite …, I decided … when some friends …, who … and who …, invited …

3. A man may be pronounced guilty only by twelve of his fellow citizens. They must be left free to make their decision. They must be left to do so without influence from the judge. He may, however, direct them as to points of law. This is the jury system. It is an outstanding characteristic of British judicial procedure.

An outstanding … is …, under which a man …

4. The English queue up for public transport. They do so in an orderly way. Visitors from the Continent are surprised at this. They innocently join the front of the queue. They do this when they first arrive in England. Angry glares are given them. They cannot understand this.

Visitors … at the … in which …, and they … when, on first …, they innocently …

5. Money or plate may be found bidden anywhere in Britain. It may have no owner. It is then called 'treasure-trove'. It is legally the property of the Crown. The finder must hand over his 'trove' to the authorities. He is, however, in practice given its full value in return.

If money … no owner, it … Crown. Although the finder …

6. The bubonic plague raged in England during the Middle Ages. The name given to it was ' The Black Death'. It carried off thousands of the population. In some cases, it exterminated whole towns and villages.

'The Black Death' …, carrying … and … exterminating …

7. Fleet Street was once famous for its coffee houses. Men used to meet there. They were prominent in the literary world. It is now synonymous with journalism and English national newspapers. It takes its name from the Fleet Stream. This used to run from Hampstead. It ran down into the Thames at Blackfriars.

Fleet Street, once … where men … and now …, takes …

8. Guy Fawkes was the leader of a band of conspirators. They intended to blow up the Houses of Parliament. They intended to do this while the King and his Ministers were in session. Guy Fawkes's memory is perpetuated. There are firework displays. These are held on November 5m each year.

Guy Fawkes, whose memory … each year, was …

9. I returned to the city. I had been born there. I had been absent for many years. Many of its narrow streets had been demolished. So had their picturesque houses. They had made way for shop-lined thoroughfares. These were modern but undistinguished. I was dismayed to find this.

When …, I was dismayed to …

10. Sir Christopher Wren (1632-1723) had already attained distinction as an astronomer. He was only sixteen then. Nevertheless, later, he seriously took up the study of architecture. This was not till he was nearly thirty. The crowning result of this study was St Paul's Cathedral.

Although..., it was not till … that …