Collecting

Dairy cows are milked twice a day with mechanical vacuum milking machines. The raw milk flows through stainless steel or glass pipes to a refrigerated bulk milk tank where it is cooled to about 40° F (4.4° C).

A refrigerated bulk tank truck makes collections from dairy farms in the area within a few hours. Before pumping the milk from each farm's tank, the driver collects a sample and checks the flavor and temperature and records the volume.

At the milk processing plant, the milk in the truck is weighed and is pumped into refrigerated tanks in the plant through flexible stainless steel or plastic hoses.

III. Answer the questions.

1. How often are dairy cows milked?

2. What is used by milking?

3. How does the raw milk get to a refrigerated bulk milk tank?

4. What temperature is the milk in the tank?

5. How long does a refrigerated bulk tank truck make collections from dairy farms in the area?

6. What does the driver do before pumping the milk from each farm’s tank?

7. What happens at the milk processing plant?

IV. Complete the sentences.

1. … cows are milked … a day.

2. The … milk flows to a … bulk milk tank.

3. A refrigerated bulk tank … makes collections within a few …

4. The driver collects … and checks … and temperature.

5. At the milk … plant, the milk is … and … into refrigerated tanks.

Text 4

The Manufacturing Process (2)

I. Words to be remembered.

1) either… or… 2) clarifier 3) to spin 4) conical disks 5) enclosure 6) debris 7) sediment 8) heavy 9) cream 10) excess 11) to draw off 12) to dispense 13) to remove 14) peristaltic pump 15) fortifying

или… или… очиститель прокручивать конические диски закрытая емкость мусор осадок тяжелый сливки избыток, излишек отводить распределять удалять шланговый насос, перистальтический насос обогащение

II. Read and translate the text.

The Manufacturing Process (2)

Separating

The cold raw milk passes through either a clarifier or a separator, which spins the milk through a series of conical disks inside an enclosure. A clarifier removes debris, some bacteria, and any sediment that may be present in the raw milk.

A separator performs the same task, but also separates the heavier milk fat from the lighter milk to produce both cream and skim milk. Some processing plants use a standardizer-clarifier, which regulates the amount of milk fat content in the milk by removing only the excess fat. The excess milk fat is drawn off and processed into cream or butter.