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UNIT III

THE FORWARD-BIASED P-N JUNCTION

Language Work

Forms of Participles

  Active Passive
Present (I) examining being examined
Past (II) -------- examined
Perfect having examined having been examined

For example:

· Speaking about the new method the engineer told us many interesting things.

· The results obtained are very important.

· Having been made carelessly the experiment proved useless.

Study the examples. When do the actions expressed by participles take place?

Predicative Constructions with Participles

The Objective Participial Construction

a) Noun (Common case)/Pronoun (Objective case) + Participle I/II (after: feel, hear, notice, observe, perceive, see, watch, listen, have, get, imagine, help, etc.)

For example:

· We saw him providing an experiment.

· Please, help me to start these mechanisms working.

b) Noun (Common case)/Pronoun (Objective case) + Participle II (after: make, get, like, want, etc.) and when the subject represents a lifeless thing.

For example:

· He had the battery connected across the crystal.

· They wanted the holes removed from the positive end of the battery.

The Subjective Participial Construction ( A Predicate is in Passive)

For example:

· He was seen providing the experiment.

· The electrons were noticed repelling from the negative end of the crystal.

· The current was perceived increasing very rapidly.

The Absolute Participial Construction

Noun (Common case)/Pronoun (Nominative case) + Participle I/II

For example:

· The engineers having tested this device,we can use it. (После того как инженеры испытали этот прибор, мы можем его использовать.)

· New machines were brought to the plant, all of them being in good order. (Новые машины были привезены на завод, причем все они были в хорошем состоянии).

· The signal given,the rocket starts immediately.(Когда (как только) дается сигнал,ракета сразу взлетает.)

· There being many people in the conference hall,we could not enter it. (Так как в зале было много народу,мы не могли войти.)

The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction

Preposition + Noun (Common case)/Pronoun (Objective case) + Participle I/II

For example:

· This drift of holes and electrons reduces the depletion layer with the junction being forward biased.

The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction

Preposition + Noun (Common case)/Pronoun (Objective case) + Participle I/II

For example:

· This drift of holes and electrons reduces the depletion layer with the junction being forward biased.


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