2015-05-26
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´ Прочитайте теорию о модальных глоаголах в следующих источникаХ: 1) Романова С.П. Коралова А.Л. Пособие по переводу с английского на русский. – М. КДУ, 2004, с. 125–132. 2)Зражевская Т.А., Гуськова Т.И. Translation from English into Russian: Mastering the Technique. М., 1986, с. 74-94. 3)Дмитриева Л.Ф., Кунцевич С.Е., Мартинкевич Е.Д., Смирнова Н.Ф. Английский язык. Курс перевода. – Ростов-на-Дону: МарТ, 2005, с. 236-241.
Модальность – очень широкая категория, выражающая отношение говорящего к реальной действительности. Модальность может выражаться наклонением, модальными глаголами и их эквивалентами, а также модальными словами.
Английские модальные глаголы обладают широким диапазоном значений, и выбор способа перевода может быть сделан только после тщательного анализа всего контекста.
Возможные способы перевода модальных глаголов:
· при помощи русского модального глагола;
· при помощи модальных слов и выражений;
· добавление модальных частиц и слов (ведь, хоть, мол, дескать, будто бы, якобы и др.);
· опущение модального глагола.
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В следующей таблице приведены основные значения отдельных модальных глаголов и наиболее типичные варианты их перевода.
| модальный глагол | значение | возможный перевод |
| SHOULD | 1) долженствование в форме рекомендации, совета, пожелания 2) невыполненное пожелание, совет и т.п. 3) предположение, 4) в эмоционально-усилительном значении | следует, должен, необходимо должно быть, наверное |
| MUST | 1) долг, необходимость; настойчивая просьба; запрет 2) непредвиденная досадная случайность; нежелательное действие 3) предположение | должен, обязательно, нельзя и надо же было, на беду должно быть, вероятно |
| CAN COULD | 1) объективная возможность; умение, способность 2) предположение, сомнение 3) can but / cannot but / cant help V-ing | может, умеет, способен неужели можно все-таки / нельзя не |
| WOULD | 1) воля, желание, склонность, предпочтение 2) просьба, приглашение, предложение 3) предположение, сомнение 4) часто повторяющееся или привычное действие | бы не могли бы вы по-видимому бывало |
| MAY MIGHT | 1) предположение, вероятность, возможность 2) сомнение, неуверенность 3) просьба, разрешение | возможно может быть можно |
´ Прочитайте теорию в указанных источниках и выпишите примеры различных значений модальных глаголов.
Переведите на русский язык, обращая внимание на передачу модальности при переводе.
1. From where I left the horse I could see some white-painted fisherman’s huts.
2. I could see the ghost of a contemptuous smile flittering around my father’s lips.
3. Candidates shall remain in their seats until all the papers have been collected.
4. “It’s very disappointing,” he said, “that Hugh should leave just when I counted on him to help me.”
5. You must have been misled by an accidental resemblance.
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6. “You must come and see us when you return to London,” he said.
7. I’m sorry that you should have had a row with Patrick about it.
8. The sticks will be kindled two by two, the poor flame showing a pretence at heat.
9. And, motionless, old Jolyon stared at the wall; but for his open eyes, he might have been asleep.
10. The place might have been Crusoe’s desert island, so still it was, so isolated from the rest of the world.
11. The police, the fishmongers, boys going to school, dozens of people waved at him. I might have been riding with royalty.
12. She quickly lowered her gaze lest he should look up suddenly and see her eyes.
‚ Переведите на русский язык.
1. The folly of the statesman and the vanity of the military leader cannot be allowed to go on perverting the advances of modern science to evil ends.
2. It appears that the total activity in the economy of Britain may not have increased very much, if at all.
3. These negotiations of government’s employees must have gone for a long while.
4. Plants and flowers move their leaves in a daily rhythm, which will persist even when they are transplanted into deep caves of unchanging darkness and temperature.
5. Is it too much in this age to demand that the aged and infirm shall be allowed to travel at reduced fares in London?
6. It was natural that on coming to London, Shakespeare, fired with theatrical ambition, should seek to join a reputable company of players.
7. Why shouldn’t children be allowed to plan their own television programmes?
8. A luxury hotel for dogs is to be opened at Lima, Peru, a city of 30,000 dogs. The furry guests will have separate hygienic kennels, top medical care and high standard cuisine, including the best bones.
9. Britain’s thirst for water will double by the end of the century. The use of sea water might provide the solution. The Government was already experimenting with desalination. We have to construct over the next 30 years water conservation projects with a total yield equivalent to all those constructed over the last century.
10. Unless the Bill passes through all its stages in the Commons and the Lords before the session ends it will have to be started all over again in the new session in November.
„ Переведите на русский язык.
1. His early years are but little known to biographers. Yet, he must have started studying music at a much earlier age than is generally presupposed.
2. You must have read about many acts of violence directed against the negro communists of South Africa. Yet there may and, indeed, there must have been others which have never reached the columns of the press.
2. The Algerians could never have committed the atrocities the bour-geois press alleges they have done.
3. The Costa-Rica Government may have incurred heavier debts than those officially started.
4. War preparations in Germany must have started earlier than was announced in the newspapers.
5. Development in India is to proceed at a faster rate than hitherto, the Indian Times announced yesterday
6. We are just to start immediately! Please none of your "Just another minute please". The steamer is leaving and we can't afford to miss it.
7. The relaxation of international tension may yet prove to be a more potent factor than many continue to think.
8. What we ought to do with all our might is to put struggle and strug-gle again against the infiltration of American comics in Great Brit-ain.
9. "Chris is a business woman," said Roy Drover and Roy would know.
10. He wondered what had become of the boys who were his compan-ions; they were nearly thirty now; some would be dead but others were married and had children.
11. As World War II also underscored, the Latin American countries con-trol much of the mineral and other natural resources that the U.S. needs to supplement its own. That would appear a guarantee of instability of the Western Hemisphere.
12. Some of your remarks about hay fever in your topics of Aug. 6 would indicate that your knowledge is based upon American experience only.
„ Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на передачу модального глагола.
1. When father gave me the money and tried to talk me out of the thought of marriage, I would not listen.
2. She offended people right and left, made silly mistakes and would-n't let herself be told.
3. "What's happened to sister Agatha?" I asked my nurse when she came in. — "Can't say," — "Won't say," I said. No answer.
4. "We can as well stay here for the night." — "We could."
5. "You are so careless. You might have broken the cup."
6. When Mini unleashed her frustration in a rage, demanding an explanation for the way she was being treated, the woman paid no heed, and might well have been deaf and mute.
7. She must not expect to do two jobs well, to be a good mother and a good novelist.
8. Somebody had to be controlled more or less; and I pulled myself together.
9. It was to be expected that something would happen to Sir George. But who could have guessed what?
10. I do not claim I can tell a story as it ought to be told. I only claim I know how a story ought to be told, for I have been al-most daily in the company of the most expert story-tellers for many years.
11. "Why do you live in the woods if you belong to the squadron?" the chaplain inquired curiously. "I have to live in the woods", the captain replied crabbily, as though the chaplain ought to know.
12. "It's my fault — it's my fault!" Doris suddenly sobbed out. "I shouldn't have loved you; I oughtn't to have let you love me."
13. Lyn Siddon's case should — and must — increase the gathering momentum for reform.
14. When I was in concentration camp, I resolved that, if I was to live through the horrors of that experience, I would never again shed one tear of regret for whatever Fate gave me.
… Переведите следующие тексты.
1) I cannot remember writing this book. I must have written it in a cramped and rather dark study I had in a house on Chinnor Hill, at the Western end of the Chilterns. It was begun and ended, I suspect, in misery, which was where I really lived then, but I had either to write hard or to go round cadging. And with a promising subject, like these comic characters, writing that simply had to be done might offer me a temporary means of escape, a brief release from the grim burden.
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2) The house was a sepulcher, our fear and suffering lay buried in the ruins. There would be no resurrection. When I thought of Manderley in my waking hours I would not be bitter. I should think of it as it might have been, could I have lived there without fear. I should remember the rose garden in summer, and the birds that sang at dawn. I would think of the blown lilac and the Happy valley. These things were permanent, they could not be dissolved. They were memories that cannot hurt. We would not talk of Manderley. I would not tell my dreams. For Manderley was ours no longer. Manderley was no more.
