2015-08-21
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| 1. Price is always being formed from... and profit. 2. What is... of this equipment? 3. The term... is one of the notions of economics. 4. His project made... of 50000 rubles. 5.... is determined by the value of the materials used plus expenditure on equipment, power, wages and so on. | 1. the price 2. a profit 3. cost 4. commodity 5. production cost |
B. Reading Comprehension
XII. Read Тext A and find the answers for the following questions:
1. Does money have a smell?
2. Is profit as an excess of income over outlay an invention of socialism?
3. Does the notion «profit» acquire a fundamentally new social content at present?
Text A. Profit
Profit as an excess of income over outlay is not the invention of socialism. It existed long before its birth and was often damned (обсуждалось) as an expression of insatiable lust (ненасытной страсти) for gain and ruthless exploitation. But the whole point is, how it is obtained, and in whose interests it is used.
You will agree that there is a difference between the money «earned» by a dope peddler and the money a peasant, or a worker receives for his honest labour. It is not true that money has no smell. It does have a smell – a social one.
Hence, we cannot speak of profit «in general». In economics such talk is meaningless (бессмысленный) and leads to errors. As one socio-economic system gives way to another, some economic categories acquire a fundamentally new social content while retaining their form and name, as has been the case with profit. To repeat, everything depends on how profit is made, and whose interests it is used.
