2018-01-21
540
In Kazakhstan, the implementation of industrial environmental monitoring (IEM), the largest industrial enterprises has a long history: although most programs IEM 3-5 years, some of the oldest enterprises reported on the establishment of such programs in the 1970s. The IEM organization has many positive elements, consistent with good international practice, but some of its shortcomings and weak linkages with the new social and economic conditions greatly reduce the potential benefits of IEM.
The obligation of the industrial enterprises (natural resources) to implement IEM clearly provided by the law "On Environmental Protection", which is a very positive feature of the regulatory framework in Kazakhstan. In addition, the Administrative and Criminal Codes contain provisions to minimize the opportunities for fraud and negligence in the implementation of the IEM program. Regulations are additional requirements for the methods and procedures of IEM. Large enterprises develop individual IEM program. Such multi-model control IEM provides enough opportunities in a timely manner to adapt to the new challenges of the transition process, and gradually develop and tighten the regulatory requirements, without compromising the objectives of socio-economic development.
Duties of control subjects and authorized bodies clearly itemized. Control subjects (in practice - the largest enterprises) responsible for the development of individual IEM integrated programs and submit them for approval by the competent authorities. The obligation to fulfill IEM applies regardless of ownership; IEM uniform requirements established for public and private enterprises.
Enterprises ("nature users") are responsible for the implementation of the IEM programs and provide the necessary expertise, equipment and analytical tools. Sometimes the services are subcontractors. IEM results are reported competent authorities through regular statistical reporting, or immediately in case of emergency situations and accidents. IEM costs are paid now.
The quality of the organization and functioning of the Standing Committee is governed by the certification and certification laboratories, annual assessment IEM programs, audits, etc. Competent authorities are allowed to use IEM data for coercive action against the violators; this approach is used, in particular due to the limited material and financial resources at the disposal of competent authorities to monitor compliance with the requirements.
At the same time, increasing interest of industrial enterprises in the implementation of environmental management systems and automated information systems. It comes amid growing awareness of business leaders the importance of environmental issues to reduce the production costs and financial risks. However, the Ministry of Environmental Protection and its affiliated companies are taking new approaches in dealing with control subjects, involving dialogue and compromise.
Finally, NGOs and the public need access to environmental information for each individual enterprise. The reason for this is the ratification of the Aarhus Convention by Kazakhstan and the signing of the Kiev Protocol on Pollutant Release and Transfer Registers (PRTR).
