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1) since — так как, поскольку (если since вводит придаточное
предложение);
2) since — с (перед любыми словами и словосочетаниями, указывающими время);
3) since — с тех пор (часто в сочетании со словом then—since then)
1. Since the power flow through an HVDC (high voltage DC) link is directly controllable, HVDC links are sometimes used within a grid to stabilize the grid against control problems with the AC energy flow.
2. Since the unit of a potential is called a volt, potential itself is called “voltage”.
3. The process has been used since its first announcement.
4. Leased circuits from common carriers are not preferred since availability is not under control of the electric power transmission organization.
5. Whether the circumstances have been changed since then is not known.
VIII. Переведите следующие словосочетания с причастием II в функции определения на русский язык.
the fuels used to make that electricity
for a given amount of power transmitted
the percentage of energy lost
the Pacific Intertie located in the Western United States
IX. Переведите следующие предложения, обращая внимание на инфинитив в различных функциях.
1. It is necessary to transmit the electricity at high voltage to reduce the percentage of energy lost.
2. Today transmission-level voltages are usually considered to be 110 kV and above.
3. Utilities add capacitor banks and other components throughout the system to control reactive power flow for reduction of losses and stabilization of system voltage.
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4. It is often cheaper to import some portion of the variable load than to generate it locally.
5. As a result, there is economic pressure to locate fuel-burning power plants near the population centers that they serve.
6. When electrical energy is required to be transmitted over very long distances, it can be more economical to transmit using direct current instead of alternating current.
7. Much analysis is done by transmission companies to determine the maximum reliable capacity of each line.
X. Переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая
Внимание на перевод страдательного залога.
1. Long-distance transmission is typically done with overhead lines at voltages of 110 to 765 kV.
2. At high AC voltages significant amounts of energy are lost due to corona discharge and the capacitance between phases.
3. Transmission lines can also be used to carry data: this is called power-line carrier, or PLC.
4. PLC signals can be easily received with a radio for the longwave range.
5. Sometimes a stand-alone cable is used, which is commonly fixed to the upper crossbar.
6. In that country transmission operations and market operations are controlled by separate companies.
