2018-02-14
854
Модульна контрольна робота № 2
З дисципліни «Англійська мова»
Для студентів 5 курсу,
спеціальність „Правознавство”
Денна форма навчання
I variant
Complete the sentences about yourself
Name, surname_________________________________
Group___________________________________
Use an appropriate word or word-combinations from the box to complete the text
| Complaint; enjoy human right; claiming; rectify the breach; moral ground; broken the Convention |
THE EUROPEAN CONVENTION ON HUMAN RIGHTS
The European Conventions on Human Rights (ECHR) was first adopted in 1950 and has now been signed by every country of Western Europe. Individual citizens of these countries have the rights to bring a _________________ before the European Commission if they think their government has________________. If the Commission agrees, it my try to persuade the country in question to__________________,or it may refer the matter to the European Court of Human Rights, which has the right to order a change of law in that country. Covering countries with similar cultures and economic conditions, the ECHR is more practical that many international human rights agreements. However, individual governments still manage to delay making changes to their laws by_____________special national interests.
When the laws of a country violate human rights, groups like Amnesty International protest to the government on_____________. But whenever possible, legal arguments are also used – references to the constitution of the country it self and to any revelant international agreements which its government has signed. But despite the development of legally binding national and international conventions, millions of people in the world still do not – ___________________.
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Mark these statements T(true) of F(false) according to the text
Common law
Common law is a term, which describes the main body of English un written law that evolved from the 12th century on ward. The name comes from the idea that English medieval law, as administered by the courts, reflected the "common" customs of the kingdom. This system of law prevails in Great Britain and in those countries, such as Canada and the United States, that.
Were originally colonized be English settlers. The common law is on the principle of deciding cases by reference to previous judicial decisions, rather than to written statutes drafted by legislative bodies. Common law can be contrasted to the civil law system, based on ancient Roman law, found in continental Europe and else where.
As the number of judicial decisions accumulate on a particular kind of dispute, general rules or precendents emerge and become guidelines for judges deciding similar cases in the future. Subsequent cases, however, may reveal new and different facts and considerations, such as changing social or technological conditions. A common-law judge is then free to depart from precendent and establish a new rule of decisions, which sets a new precendent as it is accepted and used by different judge in other cases in this manner, common law retains dynamic for change.
In all common-law system, a pyramidal structure of courts exists to define the law. At the base of the pyramid are trial courts, composed of a single judge and a jury selected from local citizens. The judge controls the conduct of the court and the admission of evidence. After both sides have presented their evidence, the judge instructs the jury on the appropriate legal principles to be applied in determining the case. The jury then weight the facts and applies the law, as stated by the judge, in order to reach a verdict or judgement.
1) The term "Common law" has been used since
2) Common law system is used in the USA, Canada, Great Britain and in continental Europe
3) Common law is a term which describes the civil-law system
4) In all the countries with common law system, the structure of courts exists in order to define the law
5) Common law system is characterized as a very dynamic one
Match the following English words and expressions with their Ukrainian equivalents
1. unification of law a. Основні наслідки
2. accumulated wisdom b. Уніфікація права
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3. origin c. Змішані правові системи
4. comprehensive code d. Всеохоплюючий кодекс
5. strong legal instituons e. Сильні правові установи
6. family property . f. Походження
7. major consequences g. Накопичена мудрість
8. mixed legal systems h. Сімейна власність
Multtiple choice: Choose the right variant
1. Someone who assists other to reach an agreement after a dispute is an ___________
a) aide b) accomplice c) arbitrator d) assistant
2. She was____________ of stealing documents from the office
a) discovered b) accused c) charged d) found
3. Both parties in the civil case agreed to _______________ out of court.
a) sue b) sigh c) settle d) submit
4. People who sigh a contract are known as _____________ to the agreement.
a) parties b) signers c) partials d) signatures
5. Name __________________ is important to establish a centre for arbitration
a) recognition b) dropping c) partials d) awareness
6. Give written definitions of the following terms as you remember and understand them:
- Legal system
- Lawyer
- Crime
- Tort
Укладач __________________ Н.В.Коротка
Розглянуто та затверджено на засіданні кафедр іноземних мов за професійним спрямуванням
Протокол № _______ від «_____» _________________20_____р
Завідувач кафедри ______________________________ С.П. Корешкова
Державний університет інфраструктури і технологій
Кафедра іноземних мов за професійним спрямуванням
Модульна контрольна робота № 2
З дисципліни «Англійська мова»
Для студентів 5 курсу
спеціальність „Правознавство”
Денна форма навчання
II variant
Complete the sentences about yourself
Name, surname_________________________________
Group___________________________________
Use an appropriate word or word-combinations from the box to complete the text
| Enforced: provide facilities; intenational law; has been violated; presupposes; aim at; encouragement |
INERNATIONAL LAW
International law is an extra system on top of the state systems. It _______________________state law, and could not exist without it, because international law can only be ___________________if states are prepared to put it into effect. But it serves a different community; the international community, international law is about the relations between independend states. It treats them as equals, whatever their population, wealth and power, so that in __________________ Barbados is on a level with Japan-like state law. International law consists of several elements. Again all of them ___________________ stability in international life and the ____________________ of trade and other contacts between states. International law lays down how international bodies such as the United Nation are set up, and what powers they have (their constitution). It also says how states must treat one other, how they must be have to international bodies and how the international bodies must be have to wards them. It ____________ provide facilities for states to make binding agreements (treaties) and for the settlement of disputes. International law can be enforced only when the states accept the power of a court to deside whether the law_______________.
3. Mark these statements T(true) of F(false) according to the text
EU employment laws mean case bonanza
Employment lawyers will soon experience a major boom in work after the European Commission last month published plans to out law discrimination in the work plsce on the basis of age, religion and sexual orientation. At present, UK domestic legislation only allows for claims against employers on the grounds of race, sex and disability. The proposed directive would also cover, inter alia, discrimination based on age and religion.
Further directives are also planned. A second one would deal with out lawing discrimination on the grounds of race and ethnicity more generally. While a third envisages a "program me of actions", providing practical support and funding for education on race-discrimination issues and for groups which target race discrimination.
Once passed, the directives would place a deadline on transposition into the national laws of the members states and might allow people to bring claims against governments and other state employers, such as councils.
The directives would add to a large number of the other European measures already enshrined in UK law, such as those covering maximum working hours and entitlement to parental leave, which were enacted last year, and have led to a huge growth in work for employment practitioners.
David Cockburn, the former chairman of the law Society's Employment Law committee, said: "The whole discrimination industry will take off in the next four or five years because of so mush legislation in the pipeline".
Elizabeth Adams, chair of the Employment Lawyers Association's international committee, said the directives would mean "More legislation for employers to tackle, more claims and more work for lawyers" as well as a "simpler route for claimants".
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1) Directive concerning entitlement to parental leave will soon be made into law in the UK
2) David Cockburn thinks the discrimination industry will expand over the next few years because so many new laws have been passed.
3) Once passed EU directives apply immediately to member states
4) The directives would add to a large number of ther European measures already enshrined in UK law
5) Elizabeth Adams thinks that the directives will make it easier for, employees toile a complaint against an employer.
