Topic: Introduction. Science and research. The concept of science. Basic concepts and definitions of scientific research

Lecture # 1

The purpose of the lesson is to get acquainted with the basic concepts that determine the content of research

 

Lesson Plan:

1. The concept of science.

2. Role of society in development.

3. Purpose of scientific research.

Rapidly growing needs of the society require that all professionals working in the field of production continuously improve their knowledge. To this end, recommendations are made from the modernization of technologies and methodology to the creation of new theories. Massive performance of such works can only be achieved through the preparation of qualified specialists in creative activities. In this regard, the subject of "Research methods and innovations in processing industries" is included in the curricula of technical higher education institutions.A modern specialist, regardless of the field of his work, can not move ahead without applying the results of science. The most up-to-date technologies of production management and organization are introduced in any modern enterprise system.One of the most important peculiarities of modern scientific and technical progress is the development of scientific basis for the development of innovative solutions in the design and implementation of resource-saving technologies in the agro-industrial complex. The differences between project owners and researchers are gradually diminishing. The ability to carry out scientific research is highly needed by a qualified specialist because it is often possible to define the reserves to increase the effectiveness of the particular production situation.In order to make the necessary research, the technologist should be able to plan, analyze and analyze the results, study the methods of research, as well as be able to improve the quality of the finished product. Getting acquainted with all the above issues will be carried out in the course of studying the course "Technology of processing industries, basics of scientific researches".The purpose of this course is to help the undergraduate students to master the methodology and methodology of scientific research, to formulate the goals and objectives, to make theoretical background, to compare experimental results with theoretical assumptions and to formulate research findings; make reports on the results of research, report or write articles. When preparing for research and defense, it is desirable to focus on research materials. The main issues include a list of basic and additional literature, as well as tasks for self-employment.Science is the productive force of the society, consisting of a continuous process of education, natural law, society and thinking, as well as special operations that have been created and developed as a result of the activities of people who have the objective knowledge and theoretical systems.Science can be viewed in various dimensions:1) as a special kind of social consciousness, a system of knowledge;2) as a process of recognition of the laws of the objective world;3) as a special type of social work;4) as one of the most important factors of social development and as a process of education and use.All knowledge can not be considered as science. It is impossible to recognize the science-based knowledge acquired on the basis of simple control of a person.This knowledge plays an important role in the lives of people, but they are unable to explain the essence of the phenomenon, their relationship, why they are moving, and further development. The accuracy of scientific knowledge is determined not only by logic but primarily by its experience.Without any logical justification and experimental verification, one or another position is definitely ignored, so the scientific knowledge is fundamentally different from blind belief.Explaining the constant relationships of the truth, science shows the abstract concepts and drawings that strictly correspond to reality.The main peculiarity of science and its main function is knowledge of the objective world. Science is designed to expose the essential aspects of nature, society, and all the phenomena of thought.The direct purpose of science is to learn about objective and subjective world, to understand objective reality.Tasks of science:1) gather, describe, analyze, summarize and explain the facts;2) the discovery of laws of nature, society, thinking and cognition;3) Systematization of obtained knowledge;4) explanation of phenomena and processes;5) forecasting events, phenomena and processes;6) determination of directions and forms of practical use of received knowledge. Science-theory; methodology, methods and methods of research; The results can be considered as a system of experience gained.Development of science consists of logical approach to collection, study and systematization of factors, generalization and publication of certain laws.Scientific research. The study of scientific methodologies and processes involves analyzing the effects of various factors, as well as researching the interaction of phenomena efficiently for proven and useful solutions for science and practice, the development and implementation of science.The purpose of the research is to provide a comprehensive understanding of a particular subject and its structure, characteristics, relationships based on the principles and methods of knowledge acquired in science, as well as the benefits that are beneficial for the activity of human activity, and their introduction into production.The basis of each scientific research is a methodology, a set of methods, methods, methods adopted in the development of scientific research and their precise sequence. Ultimately, the methodology is a scheme, a plan for the solution of scientific research.Scientific research should be considered in the continuous development based on the linkage of scientific theory.Cognitive tasks, including empirical and theoretical curiosity, play a crucial role in scientific research,Empirical tasks are to identify, accurately describe and thoroughly investigate the various factors of phenomena and processes under consideration. In scientific research they are solved by means of various methods of cognition - observation and experimentation.Control is a method of recognition where the properties of the object being investigated, its correction, and the nature of its change.Experiment - this is the most popular method of empirical cognition, where not only observations and measurements, but also transformation, modification of research objects, etc. manufactures. By this method, one can determine the effect of one factor on the second factor. Empirical methods of knowledge play an important role in scientific research. They do not only strengthen the theoretical background, but also often reveal the subject of a new subject as a result of scientific research.Theoretical tasks are aimed at identifying the behavior of the object, its structure, characteristics and the reasons, relationships, dependencies that can be determined on the basis of the principles and methods of knowledge developed in science. As a result of the obtained knowledge the theory is developed, the facts are checked, and so on. laws are formed. Theoretical cognitive tasks are formulated in such a way and allow them to be empirically reviewed. An important role in scientific research in solving empirical and theoretical issues is a logical method of cognition, determines the ways of their solution, explains phenomena and processes, explains different ideas and ideas, and gives them the basis of reasoning. This method is based on the results of the empirical study. As the results of the research work are high, they are genuine and effective and the results of the research are highly appreciated. The basis for new scientific developments.One of the most important requirements of scientific research is to determine the dependence and relationships of research objects, phenomena and processes, to make scientific conclusions. The more accurate the findings are, the higher the scientific level of research. Scientific research is for theoretical and applied purposes.

Theoretical studies are aimed at creating new principles. This is usually the case study. Their goal is to expand society's knowledge and to understand the laws of nature. Such changes are mainly driven by long-term, budgetary, and more. It can be used to further develop new theoretical studies.

Applied research is a new technique, based on which new equipment, new machines and materials, methods of organization and organization of production, etc. They are aimed at meeting the needs of society for the development of a particular industry. Applied developments can be long-term and short-term, budgetary or contractual.

The purpose of the research is to translate applied (theoretical) research into technical applications. They do not need new research.

The ultimate goal of the research is to prepare the materials needed for its implementation, which is carried out in a pilot design bureau (TKB), carried out in a project and experimental production.

 

Control questions

1. Define the terms "science" and "science purpose".

2. Describe the main concepts that define the content of research.

3. What is the basis for empirical research in scientific research?

Lecture # 1