Topic: Preliminary assessment of experimental results

Purpose of the lesson: Preliminary assessment of experimental results.

Lesson Plan:

1. Experimental errors, their types.

2. Methods of errors removal

3. Assessment of analytical methods reliability

 

Experimental errors and their types.

One of the most important tasks when processing experimental data is to evaluate the measurement error, which is the result of experimental errors. There are the following types of errors.

Rough errors are due to a violation of the basic terms of the measurement (wrong measurement of instruments, disturbance of the process, etc.) or the improper measurements of the investigator.

Systematic errors are the result of unexpected factors that occur during repeated repetition. There are systematic errors (corrections), the origin of which is known, but the origin of an unknown value is free.

Random errors are not the same for each measurement and are not individually accounted for. Such errors are the result of a combination of many factors that can not be officially registered.

Methods of errors removal.

There are various ways to minimize the effects of the above errors on the final results of experimental studies. Let's consider some of them.

Excessive errors in the experiment will be performed by selecting suspicious results on the selection and checking their correspondence to the confidence interval.

Randomization is a change in time, for example in the measurement of moisture during measurement or in the process of measuring the experimental plant heating. is one of the ways to prevent the effects of systematic errors on experimental results.

The principle of randomization is to change the experimental variables from random order levels to different levels, resulting in such systematic errors in a random category.

Determining the required number of measurements will allow you to neutralize possible random errors for your probability of trust.

Increasing the number of duplications of experiments leads to a reduction in random errors and, consequently, increases the reliability of the obtained experimental results.

Assessment of analytical methods reliability

The analysis methodology is a strict sequence of actions aimed at determining the values ​​of any parameter.

The analytical methodology is considered reliable, if its relative maximum uncertainty does not exceed a certain value (usually less than 5%). Since there are several methodologies for identifying the same parameter, you have to choose the methodology to minimal error.

The error in the Methodology is estimated from the results of parallel determination of one experience.

The analytical study is not intended to describe the structural elements of the investigated phenomenon, but is a deeper form of sociological research, aimed at identifying the reasons for the high value of the experimental value. Analytical research requires a thoroughly designed program and toolkit that takes some time. The research uses exploration and visual research to get a view of the object.

Based on the methods used, this study will be of a cumulative character (different research methods will be used).

After selecting the type of sociological research, the transition to the development of a sociological research program. The qualitative level of sociological research conducted from the level of scientific justification of this document is determined.

Sociological Research Program is a comprehensive scientific theoretical and methodological approach to the use of methodological approaches to the study of the social phenomenon or phenomenon, which is integrated into a single whole.

The research program consists of two parts: methodological and methodological. The methodical section consists of the description and formulation of the problem, the description of the purpose and objectives of the research, the definition of object and subject of research, the logical analysis of the basic concepts, the formulation of the working hypotheses. The program section includes a description of the research set (sampling), description of the methods used to gather initial information, logical structure of information gathering tools, logical tables and its processing elements.

The program is supplemented by a work plan. It defines the working stages, the time of the study, the amount of scientific, organizational and financial expenses.

According to the practice, the development of the program has been more time consuming than research. A thoroughly designed sociological research program is one of the most important conditions for its implementation at the highest scientific level.

Formation and substantiation of research problem

The contradiction of social life is the reason of real sociological research. Thus, for example, the contradiction between the level of personal development and the level of overall development of graduates constitutes a social issue.

The nature of objectively contradicting determines the type of research that is based on social issues. (its theoretical or applied orientation)

As a rule, the empirical sociological study is mixed: it solves not only experimental but also scientific issues.

The problem of social situation is clearly reflected in the scientific question, which is to distinguish between the demands and knowledge of the society and to not know the ways and means of implementing it on the basis of certain actions.

If the social problem is solved by certain means, then this is a practical issue. The peculiarities of solving scientific problems include the acquisition of a new knowledge, as well as the combination of the science of the problem.

In the process of formulating the research, it tries to get a more complete and clear picture. We should refrain from putting forward the challenge of realizing or solving the real social problems.

It is important to refrain from addressing common issues as solving several issues within one study is not intended.

Determination of research goals

The purpose of the sociological research is to establish the theoretical or applied discipline. It is necessary to answer a specific question what the research program will address and what results from the research.

The objectives of the study are to determine goals and hypotheses that are divided into basic and non-fundamental ones.

Key research tasks include the search for tools and ways to solve research problems in response to a central question.

Non-essential tasks are to be applied for the purpose of checking additional hypotheses that are not directly related to the study. Non-core tasks can help prepare new research programs.

 

Control questions

1. Determine the concept of practice.

2. What is the basis of the experiment?

3. What are the stages of the experiment, and in what areas does the theory of experiment develop?

Types of Practice Errors.

5. Assessment of analytical methods reliability.

 

 

Lecture # 12