Features of professional orientation work. Forms of professional orientation work. Effectiveness criteria of professional orientation

Professional orientation is a targeted work that helps teachers, psychologists, physicians and other employees to shape their professional interests and abilities and to choose a profession, taking into account the abilities and inclinations of each student, depending on the needs of society.

Insufficient knowledge of the profession - leads to randomness in choosing a profession. Errors in choosing a profession ultimately lead to hatred of your chosen profession and often change your workplace.

The main objectives of vocational guidance at school are as follows:

• To provide students with a general understanding of the profession.

• Studying individual peculiarities of students in order to develop professional skills and abilities.

• Help school graduates to choose a profession.

• Adapting students to master the type of specialty.

Components of the vocational guidance system include professional information, vocational training, professional counseling and professional selection (professional), professional adaptation.

Professional information is one of the most important forms of vocational guidance in high school. Through professional information, pupils get an understanding of the meaning and significance of different specialties. The requirements for a person are presented in the specialty. The peculiarity of the profession is the concept of its place in society.

Professional information is very difficult and comprehensive. It is based on the needs of each economic district and the prospects for its development. The content, organization, and methods of professional information are different at each age. That's why it is necessary to take into account the peculiarities of schoolchildren. For example, the choice of specialty in primary school should be done in the direction of love and respect. In the third and seventh classes it is necessary to expand the polytechnic pupils' pupils, to familiarize them with the types of specialty required for that ecosystem. In the IX-XI grades, attention must be paid to the deep learning of each specialty and to develop the ability to engage in certain professions. The main types of work with students at this time are optional, technical circles, clubs for choosing different professions, etc.

One of the most widespread types of professional information is traveling to production, meeting and evening parties with different professions, organization of joint student conferences, vocational guidance universities, etc. with high school students and productive collectives and students of vocational schools. is.

Occupational counseling is particularly important in the vocational guidance work at school. The main objective is to provide professional groups and professions to high school students on the basis of analysis of children's health, anatomical-physiological and social psychological state. In the cosmological consultation work involves specialist staff, parent agencies and industry professionals. In some cases, professional counseling is carried out at production facilities, vocational and technical schools, industrial training workshops, professional orientation rooms.

Professional Selection is a research process aimed at defining the ability to master a specialty through a special methodology.

While the professional selection in the Company is a form of "adaptation" to a specific type of profession, its humanistic, educational essence is based on professional selection (training) and training of young people in work in a new environment. Professional adaptation (workplace) is carried out at workplace, in practical work.

Professional adaptation means adapting to a new specialty. It is remarkable that the first impressions of young people, their conscious understanding of the purpose of their work, their satisfaction with their profession. The effectiveness of professional adaptation is not only reflected in the actual labor results, but also as a result of a systematic work with the youth, involved in the workforce, the workplace.

AS Makarenko named some of the issues of education as a pedagogical theorem. Among such theories are the "three forces union" - the school, homeowner, and the public. The school is the organizer and coordinating center for vocational guidance of schoolchildren. The organizer of vocational guidance at school is a teacher, a class teacher, a teacher of a labor discipline, an organizer of out-of-class and out-of-school education, that is, a whole pedagogical collective. The class teacher controls all orientation work. Prepares students to listen to a specific profession. The class teacher relies on the structure of vocational guidance system and sets out the main directions in the curriculum. For example: organization of professional information, professional counseling, job placement of graduates, etc. The teacher of the labor discipline is the main person in the work of labor education, training and professional orientation. The course focuses on the ability to apply knowledge acquired in the workplace, to choose a profession.

The main activities of the classroom and extracurricular activities are: firstly, the collection of reference counseling materials in the vocational guidance desk, secondly, the method of vocational guidance in different classes and the consultation for teachers and class teachers on psychological and pedagogical characteristics of pupils; thirdly, to meet with the representatives of the enterprise who are interviewing students about the profession; Fourthly, planning the whole professional orientation work, drawing conclusions. The school principal focuses on, supervises and manages vocational guidance in school. In the library the head of the library must select daily work of prominent teachers and psychologists on issues of labor education, polytechnical education and choice of profession, labor legislation, youth literature, higher and secondary specialized educational institutions, reference books on vocational schools. All these are the scientific papers and documents required for school graduates.

The main activities of the library head at school are:

• Assisting teachers, classroom leaders. To do this, it is necessary to create a catalog of literature related to cross-cutting issues, to make a presentation on the pedagogical board on new literature and pupils.

• Organization of thematic exhibitions of books and articles on specialty, creation of bibliography lists of literature.

• Organization of readers' conferences, discussions, thematic evenings for pupils depending on peculiarities of different specialties.

Organization of library work in this direction will allow to improve professional orientation.

Each parent should start the career guidance work with the introduction of their specialty. They introduce them to the content and mechanisms of labor in the enterprises they operate, the principles of production and technological processes. This type of educational work raises the children's enthusiasm for parents' labor activities. Parents will talk to them about different professions to develop their children's vocabulary.