III. Прочитайте текст и ответьте на вопросы. (Read the text and answer the questions)

1.​ What is civil engineering?

2.​ What types of structures do civil engineers plan?

3.​ What kind of specialized knowledge must civil engineers have?

4.​ Why do civil engineers usually study for many years?

Civil engineering is a branch of applied science that shapes the look of towns and cities. Civil engineers plan offices, factories, houses, roads and bridges, airports and railways, harbours and dams, tunnels, canals and sewers. They also supervise the building of these structures.

Civil engineers must have a lot of specialized knowledge. They must learn the principles of building construction and in what ways building materials can be best used. They must know what materials are best in different climates and conditions.

They must be able to survey sites and find out about the soil and rock. Civil engineers must know how to use all the different kinds of building equipment, from bulldozers and shovels to cranes and pile drivers. Moreover, they must be able to see that teams of workmen can carry through all the stages of their plans. It is not surprising that civil engineers must study for many years to qualify. (900)

IV. Закончите следующие предложения в соответствии с содержанием текста. (Complete the following sentences according to the content of the text).

1. A brunch of applied science that shapes the look of cities is called …………

2. Civil engineers plan ……………..

3. Planners and builders must have a lot of ……………….

4. Civil engineers supervise …………..

5. Civil engineers must know…………………..

6. If an engineer wants to get a good qualification, he must …………..

 

V. Переведите следующие предложения с русского на английский язык. (Translate the following sentences from Russian into English).

1.​ Гражданское строительство – это отрасль прикладной науки, которая придаёт форму большим и малым городам.

2.​ Инженеры строители планируют заводы, офисы, дома, дороги и мосты, а также тоннели и каналы.

3.​ Инженеры-строители руководят процессом строительства.

4.​ Инженеры-строители должны обладать большим количеством специализированных знаний.

5.​ Инженеры-строители должны знать, как использовать строительную технику.

6.​ Необходимо много лет учиться, чтобы получить квалификацию инженера-строителя.

 

VI. Расскажите своему однокурснику, что вы знаете о гражданском строительстве. (Tell your groupmate what you know about civil engineering).

 

VII. Обратите внимание на правила, которым необходимо следовать при написании реферата. (Pay attention to the rules to be followed when making up a precis).

Реферат (précis) – это конспективное изложение содержания статьи, передающее ее основной смысл. Реферат содержит в обобщенном виде все основные положения оригинала. Рефераты должны составляться по определенной схеме:

- Название работы.

- Краткое содержание работы.

- Выводы или резюме составителя реферата.

Useful phrases for making a précis

Introduction

- The article / text is addressed to specialists working in the field of ………

- The article / text under review gives us a sort of information about …….

- The subject of the article is / relates to, includes, is devoted to …………

- The purpose (aim, object) of the article is to provide ……………

- The article discusses (deals with, covers, considers, gives an accurate description of, outlines, emphasizes the problem of)………

- The article provides the reader with some data on (some material on, some information on) ……..

- At the beginning (of the text) the author describes (dwells upon, touches upon, analyses) ………

Then (after that, further on, next) the author passes on ……

- A careful account is given of the theory, method …….

- Much attention is given to …………

- Of particular (special, great) interest is the method of ……………….

- Of great importance is the method ………..

At the end of the article the author draws the conclusion that ………

The author sums it all up by saying ………

Linking words

Chronological:	First, at first, to begin with / to start with, Initially, secondly, after this, afterwards before this
Positive addition:	The fact that, in addition to, moreover, furthermore, besides
Contrast:	Although, despite, even though, whereas, on the other hand, however, at the same time
Reference:	Considering, concerning, with regard/respect/ reference to, in respect/ regard/ reference to
Summarising:	To sum up, on the whole, as we have said, in short, in conclusion, briefly, as it was previously stated

VIII. Прочитайте следующий пример реферата и передайте его содержание на русском языке. (Read the following example of the précis and render it in Russian).

This text is addressed to specialists working in the field of construction. The subject of the text is devoted to the work of a civil engineer. The text provides the reader with some information on the professional tasks, which any builder must fulfill. A careful account is given of the task of designing such houses, which will satisfy the needs of occupants at the lowest practical cost. On the whole, the text gives an accurate description of all important factors to be considered while designing buildings.

 

IX. Прочитайте текст и составьте реферат к тексту. (Read the text and make up a précis of the text).