Занятие 7

Задания к занятию 6.

The Leeches, the Smirks, the Ferrets (“The Great Gatsby”). Professor Sprout, professor Dumbledore (“Harry Potter”). Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter”: Chillingworth, Dimmesdale, Pearl.

A) She is too young to come under the corruptive influence of a young Casanova like you. (A. Hailey)

Антономасия (antonomasia)/ прономинация (pronominatio) (from the Greek word antonomazein meaning «to name differently»).

Лексические стилистические приёмы: антономасия, перифраз, зевгма, сочетания с семантической несовместимостью компонентов, стилевой спад.

b) We also showed the photo of [Goebbels] at separate times to the youngsters aged ten to fourteen who didn’t know of him. One said…, “A bloodsucker – he’d be a terrible Dracula!” (L. Bellak, S. Baker)

c) And since he’s been home he is a regular Don Giovanni…[ ]. (W. Thackeray)

d) When a man is called Don Juan the image projected is a vastly attractive lady-killer who enters girls’ lives and sweeps them off their humdrum course. (Cosmopolitan)

e) Gable’s ruthless realism made him the first great antihero of American movies, a Don Quixote in reverse, who saw the windmill in every giant and the whore in every lady. (R. Jordan)

f) What desperate transaction lay hidden here? What moral expedient of a bizarre Croesus? What terrible and golden mystery? (F. S. Fitzgerald)

3) a) “the son of Peleus”

b) “the author of Paradise Lost”

c) “the little corporal”

d) “Macedonia’s madman”

e) “Urbe”

f) “The Iron Duke”

g) “The Bard”

h) “The Voice”

i) «a Daniel»

j) “Scarface”

k) «a Benedict Arnold»

Один из источников антономасии – античная мифология:

А) «Дианы грудь, ланиты Флоры прелестны, милые друзья! Однако ножка Терпсихоры прелестней чем-то для меня». (А. С. Пушкин) Б) «Жрец Мельпомены на казенных харчах» (заглавие фельетона); в) «Гермес приказал долго жить» (статья о прекращении деятельности финансовой компании «Гермес»); г) «Гефест на заработках» (о коммерческих делах оборонной промышленности).

Перифраз/перифраза (PERIPHRASIS/ CIRCUMLOCUTION). Periphrasis is of Greek origin [ περίφρασις < peri (περί) “about, around” + phrasis (φράσις) “speech, expression”], while circumlocution is Latin—both meaning “a roundabout manner of speaking”:

a) The beast that bears me (W. Shakespeare. Sonnet L);

b) a gentleman of the long robe;

c) the fair sex;

d) a play of swords;

e) In the TV show “Dinosaurs” the infant dino called his father, “Not-the-Mama. ”

Функции уточнения и намёка:

a) […] Or lose your heart, or your chaste treasure open
To his unmast’red importunity. (W. Shakespeare, “Hamlet”)

b) You must pray to heaven’s guardian for relief.

c) “death’s other self”

d) “fragrant beverage drawn from China’s herb”

Перифраз - ходьба вокруг да около ('beating around the bush'):

The reason that I took your picture was in order to make a dartboard./ I took your picture to make a dartboard.

Эффект предвосхищения (антиципации):

“In the course of the past several days, it has come to my attention that some certain members of the
soon-to-be-graduating class have been behaving in what can only be described as an unseemly manner.”

Образные/без’образные перифразы:

В статье о Пушкине автор называет его гениальным учеником Державина, блестящим преемником Жуковского, создателем русского литературного языка, автором «Евгения Онегина» (без’образные). «Смерть поэта» Лермонтова: невольник чести, дивный гений, наша слава (образные).

Языковые и речевыеперифразы: friends of earth, братья наши меньшие (языковые).

Зевгма ( ZEUGMA):

a) Mr. Stiggins... took his hat and his leave.

b) She was seen washing clothes with industry and a cake of soap.

c) He lost his hat and his temper.

d) The Rich arrived in pairs and also in Rolls Royces.

e) [...] whether she would break her heart, or break the looking glass; Mr Bounderby could not at all foresee. (Ch. Dickens)

Основа зевгмы - семантическая несовместимость (semantic incongruity):

If we don’t hang together, we shall hang separately.

You held your breath and the door for me

I took her hand and then an aspirin in the morning,

I took her hand and took her home.

He broke the record and a leg.
She was a thief, you got to believe, she stole my heart and my cat.
I lost my car and my dignity. (Alejandra Yaya)
She went home in a flood of tears and a sedan chair. (Ch. Dickens)
Our son’s diaper and your excuses is stinking.

· […] and covered themselves with dust and glory. (M. Twain, “The Adventures of Tom Sawyer”)

· You are free to execute your laws, and your citizens…

· You can leave in a taxi. If you can’t get a taxi, you can leave in a huff. If that’s too soon, you can leave in a minute and a huff.

· By the time we left the bar, I’d bought her story, as well as her three drinks.

· All my friends are getting Firsts and married.

· The farmers in the valley grew potatoes, peanuts, and bored.

Unusual collocations with semantic incompatibility:

Февраль, достать чернил и плакать!

Писать о феврале навзрыд,

Когда грохочущая слякоть

Весною чёрною горит… (Б. Пастернак)

Необычные сочетания с семантической гетерогенностью – характерная черта поэтического стиля: a) A grief ago I saw him there… b) Once below a time … c) All the sun long … и стиля художественной литературы:

With enchanting murmurs Daisy admired this aspect or that of the feudal silhouette against the sky, admired the gardens, the sparkling odour of jonquils and the frothy odour of hawthorn and plum blossoms and the pale gold odour of kiss-me-at-the-gate. (F. S. Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby)

Стилевой спад (bathos) от гр. «глубина»:

a) Will you kindly oblige me by keeping your trap shut?

b) “the best ever PVA Glue supplier in Manchester”

c) Breathe deep the gathering gloom

Watch lights fade from every room…

Impassioned lovers wrestle as one,

Lonely man cries for love and has none.

New mother picks up and suckles her son,

Senior citizens wish they were young.

d) Close by those meads forever crowned with flowrs,

Where Thames in pride surveys its rising towrs,

There stands a structure of majestic frame,

Which from the neighboring Hampton takes its name.

Here Britains statesmen oft the fall foredoom

Of foreign tyrants, and of nymphs at home;

Here thou, great Anna! Whom three realms obey

Dost sometimes counsel take and sometimes tea. (A. Pope)

e) "Your eyes spit fire, your cheeks grow red as beef." (Henry Fielding, “Tom Thumb the Great”)

1. Дайте определение стилистическому приёму антономасии. Приведите свои примеры.2. Охарактеризуйте приём перифраза. Приведите свои примеры.3. Дайте дефиницию зевгмы. Приведите свои примеры. 4. Раскройте сущность явления семантической несовместимости (гетерогенности). Расскажите о её проявлениях: необычных сочетаниях слов и стилевом спаде. 5. Термины для запоминания: antonomasia, periphrasis, zeugma, bathos, unusual collocations, semantic incompatibility. 6. Тест по лексическим стилистическим приёмам. Определите, какой троп/тропы (выразительное средство/средства) использован автором и объясните свой выбор:

1) The clock had struck, time was bleeding away. (A.Huxley) 2) While love, unknown among the blest, Parent of thousand wild desires …(S. Johnson) 3) The laugh in her eyes died out and was replaced by something else.(M.Spillane) 4) She always glances up and glances down and doesn’t know where to look, but looks all the prettier. (Ch.Dickens) 5) I have only one good quality – overwhelming belief in the brains and hearts of our nation, our state, our town. (S. Lewis) 7) He’d behaved pretty lousily to Jan. 8) Friendship, peculiar boon of heavens … (S. Johnson) 9) She was a sunny, happy sort of a creature. Too fond of the bottle. (A. Christie) 10)...she has a nose that is at least three inches too long. (I.Shaw) 11) England has two eyes, Oxford and Cambridge. They are the two eyes of England, and two intellectual eyes (Ch. Taylor) 12) All at once there is a goal, a path through a shapeless day (A.Miller) 13) The young girl who had a yellow smock and a cold in the head that did not go too well together was helping an old lady (J.B.Priestly) 14) The Face of London was now strangely alerted... the voice of Mourning was heard in every street. (D.Defoe) 15) He made his way through the perfume and conversation. (I. Shaw) 16) She was a damned nice woman too (A. Huxley) 17)... for every look that passed between them, and every word they spoke and every card they played, the dwarf had eyes and ears. (Ch. Dickens) 18) The girl gave him a lipsticky smile. (J.D.Sallinger) 19) Other people are quite dreadful. The only possible society is oneself. (O. Wilde) 20) ‘Oh, yes’, said Tom gruffly polite, but obviously not remembering. (F. S. Fitzgerald, “The Great Gatsby”) 21)The company's motto: “For God, for country, and for Acme Gasworks.” 22) The Russian grandees came to Elizabeth's court dropping pearls and vermin. 23) […] a clerk with an interminable brief … (Ch. Dickens, “The Bleak House”) 24) E. Hemingway’s story “Hills Like White Elephants” 25) J. Steinbeck’s novel “The Grapes of Wrath” 26)‘How slippery it is, Sam!’ ‘ Not an uncommon thing on ice’ replied Mr. Weller. (Ch. Dickens, “The Pickwick Papers”) 27) The addict kicked the habit and then the bucket. 28) He knows how to put two and two together. (about a person with extraodinary mathematical abilities) 29) ‘He’ll go to sleep, my God, he should, eight martinis befiore dinner and enough wine to wash an elephant.” (T. Capote) 30) ‘You must not – you shall not behold this!’ said I shudderingly, to Usher, as I led him with a gentle violence, from a window to a seat. (E. A. Poe,“The Fall of the House of Usher”) 31) ‘Dozens of girls would have been delighted to take your place!’ … ‘He was a bully and… a… a pervert.’ ‘My God! It’s a little late to play Mary Poppins. ’ (C. Baehr) 32) W. Faulkner’s novel “Absalom, Absalom!” 33) The landing in Tegucigalpa was like tractor hitting a corrugated-iron roof. (Helen Fielding. “Olivia Joules”) 34) They looked at each other, both on the verge of an awful horror-induced hysteria. (Helen Fielding. “Olivia Joules”) 35) A. Burgess’s novel “A Clockwork Orange” 36) Soapy’s mind became cognizant of the fact that the time had come for him to resolve himself into a singular Committee of Ways and Means (= prison) to provide against the coming rigor [of winter].” (O. Henry, “The Cop and The Anthem”) 37) If you drink too much from a bottle marked “poison”, it is almost certain to disagree with you. (L. Carroll, “Alice in Wonderland”)