Safety engineering

Accidents to people in industrial enterprises are called industrial traumatism (injury). They occur when workers have not acquired the requisite for skill and lack the necessary experience in handling tools and equipment. Accidents are also caused through neglect of safety rules and regulations in the factories and training workshops.

The purpose of safety engineering is to prevent accidents and to create such conditions of work in industry which will ensure maximum productivity of labour.

When taking up new duties or when first going to work at any industrial enterprise each worker is obliged to acquaint him thoroughly with, and to master the safety instructions.

4. Ответьте письменно на вопросы

– How are the accidents to people in industrial enterprises called?

– When do the accidents to people occur?

– What must one do to prevent accidents?

– What is the purpose of safety engineering?

– What is a worker obliged to do when taking up new duties?

5. Составьте план пересказа текста.

6. Перескажите текст по плану от первого лица.

7. Составьте с новыми словами свои 6 предложений.

Литература из общего перечня литературных источников

[8, 45-46]

ЗАДАНИЕ №4

1. Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты английских слов и словосочетаний:

1. quantity а. жесткий (жесткость)

2. alloy b. углерод

3. carbon с. растяжение

4. substance d. поломка

5. tough(ness) е. количество

6. hard(ness) f. ковкость

7. ductility g. разрыв

8. malleability h. прочность

9. tension i. вязкость

10. compression j. сплав

11. rupture k. твердый (твердость)

12. strength l. сжатие

13. braking m. вещество

2. Переведите на русский язык встречающиеся в тексте интернациональные слова:

metal, industry, industrial, absolutely, laboratory, steel, elastic, mechanical, result, atom, atomic, structure, special, temperature.

3. Прочтите текст и выполните следующие за ним упражнения:

METALS

1. Mankind has used metals for centuries in gradually increasing quantities but only now they are employed in really great quantities.

2. Today we know more than seventy metals, the majority of which are used in industry.

3. Of all the metals iron is the most important one. Absolutely pure iron is never prepared except for laboratory purposes. The irons and steels in use today are really alloys of iron, carbon and other substances. They can be made elastic, tough, hard, or comparatively soft.

4. Mechanical properties of metals are the result of their atomic structure. They include hardness, ductility and malleability which are of special importance in engineering.

5. Ductility is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

Malleability is the capacity of a metal to be permanently deformed by compression without rupture.

6. These properties are similar to each other but not the same. Most metals increase these properties at higher temperatures.

7. The strength of a metal is the property of resistance to external loads and stresses.

8. These mechanical properties are of great importance in industrial purposes because all parts and units made of iron and steel must meet up-to-date demands.

4. Переведите на русский язык в письменной форме абзацы 3,4,5 и 7.

5. Найдите соответствующие ответы на вопросы и напишите их в той последовательности, в которой заданы вопросы:

Вопросы

1. What is the most important metal?

2. What mechanical properties of metals do you know?

3. What is strength?

4. What is ductility?

5. What is malleability?

Ответы

a. The capacity of ametal to be permanently deformed in tension without breaking.

b. Iron.

c. The capacity of a metal to be deformed by compression without rupture.