2015-06-04
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УЧЕБНОЕ ПОСОБИЕ
ДЛЯ ПРАКТИЧЕСКИХ ЗАНЯТИЙ СТУДЕНТОВ ИНСТИТУТА ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫХ ТЕХНОЛОГИЙ И ТЕЛЕКОММУНИКАЦИЙ
Составитель Е.Л. Лисовина
Ставрополь
Английский язык: учебное пособие / сост.: Е.Л. Лисовина. – Ставрополь: Изд-во СКФУ, 2015. – 111 с.
Пособие составлено в соответствии с Федеральным государственным образовательным стандартом высшего профессионального образования, рабочим учебным планом и программой и включает тексты и задания по темам занятий и литературу.
Пособие предназначено для развития речевой профессиональной деятельности на английском языке студентов института информационных технологий и телекоммуникаций для работы на практических занятиях, а также для внеаудиторного чтения и СРС.
Пособие состоит из 19 разделов, позволяющих осуществлять поэтапное, целенаправленное формирование языковых, речевых навыков и умений лексического и речевого материала, необходимого для профессионально-направленного иноязычного чтения.
Составитель:
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ст. преподаватель Е.Л. Лисовина
Рецензент:
канд. филол. наук, доцент Л.М. Митрофаненко
Unit 1
Information Technology
Before you start
1. Work with a partner. Make a list of words to describe IT.
Reading
2. Read the text. Underline any new words and look them up in the dictionary.
Information Technology
Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. The term is commonly used as a synonym for computers and computer networks, but it also encompasses other information distribution technologies such as television and telephones. Several industries are associated with information technology, such as computer hardware, software, electronics, semiconductors,internet, telecom equipment, e-commerce and computer services.
In a business context, the Information Technology Association of America has defined information technology as "the study, design, development, application, implementation, support or management of computer-based information systems". The responsibilities of those working in the field include network administration, software development and installation, and the planning and management of an organization's technology life cycle, by which hardware and software is maintained, upgraded and replaced.
Humans have been storing, retrieving, manipulating and communicating information since the Sumerians in Mesopotamia developed writing in about 3000 BC, but the term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in 1958 in an article published in the Harvard Business Review; authors Harold J. Leavitt and Thomas L. Whisler commented that "the new technology does not yet have a single established name. We shall call it information technology (IT)." Their definition consists of three categories such as techniques for processing, the application of statistical and mathematical methods to decision-making and the simulation of higher-order thinking through computer programs.
Based on the storage and processing technologies employed, it is possible to distinguish four distinct phases of IT development: pre-mechanical (3000 BC – 1450 AD), mechanical (1450–1840), electromechanical (1840–1940) and electronic (1940–present).
3. Read the text again and decide if sentences below are true or false.
1. The term is commonly used as an opposite for computers and computer networks. T/F
2. IT development has three phases. T/F
3. The term information technology in its modern sense first appeared in 1958. T/F
4. Only one industry is associated with information technology. T/F
5. Information technology (IT) is the application of computers and telecommunications equipment to store, retrieve, transmit and manipulate data, often in the context of a business or other enterprise. T/F
4. Ask questions to the text.
