The Adverbial Complement of Condition/Обставина умови

1. The adverbial complement of condition in the contrasted languages is usually expressed by a noun or pronoun preceded by a preposition or a prepositional phrase (but, for, except for, without). The corresponding Ukrainian prepositions are за, у, при/за таких обставин, у випадку, за умови. For example:

This time Pedro let him take the rifle Цього разу Педро дозволив йому взяти

without a murmur of protest. рушницю без жодних заперечень/

(G. Trease) Навіть не спробував заперечити.

But for his open eyes, he might have Коли б не розплющені очі, можна було

been asleep. (Galsworthy) б подумати, що він спить.

2. This adverbial meaning can also be expressed in English and Ukrai nian by a participle or adjective preceded by the conjunctions if or un less/якби, якщо:

If ifs and ands were pots and pans. Якби знаття, що в кума пиття. (При-

(Proverb) казка).

Nobody spoke, unless spoken to... Ніхто не починав розмову, якщо/коли

(Dickens) до нього не зверталися.

3. The complement of condition may also be expressed in English by an infinitive, a participle or a secondary predication construction, which are usually conveyed in Ukrainian with the help of conditional clauses

introduced by the conjunctions якби or якщо. Cf. She would have done better not to notice him. Weather permitting, everybody will continue the trip. Було б краще, якби вона не помічала його. Якщо погода дозволить, всі продовжать свій похід.

Ukrainian allomorphic complements of condition can also be expressed by diyepryslivnyks / diyepryslivnyk phrases as in the following proverbs and sayings. Лежачи і сокира ржавіє. Не спитавши броду, не лізь у воду.