Grammar

GERUND

Translate the sentences.

1. Diane stopped washing dishes. 2. Dick went on asking about his friends.

3. I don’t mind telling you 4. He was afraid of being poor. 5. Have you finished writing? 6. Taking a cold shower in the morning is very useful. 7. I like skiing, but my sister prefers skating. 8. She likes sitting in the sun. 9. It looks like raining.

10. My watch wants repairing. 11. Thank you for coming. 12. I had no hope of getting an answer before the end of the month. 13. I had the pleasure of dancing with her the whole evening. 14. He talked without stopping. 15. Some people can walk all day without feeling tired. 16. Living in little stuffy rooms means breathing poisonous air. 17. There are two ways of getting sugar: one from beet and the other from sugar cane. 18. Jane Eyre was fond of reading.

Transform the sentences using the Gerund instead of the Infinitive.

Model: My father began to work at his plant 20 years ago. – My father began working at this plant 20 years ago.

1. We continue to study English. 2. The children like to play basketball.

3. The boy started to run. 4. His mother intends to spend her holidays at the seaside. 5. They preferred to go there by plane. 6. She tried to open the window.

7. I have just begun to translate the text.

10. Translate the sentences paying attention to the Gerund:

1. Reading English technical magazines is important for an engineer. 2. It is no use of speaking to her. 3. He remembers adding some water to the mixture.

4. They finished installing the apparatus only on Saturday. 5. The strange man stopped following me. 6. They began making the experiment only in May. 7. He began determining the properties of the new materials. 8. After failing in the examination in January he had to take it again in February. 9. After graduating from the Institute, he worked in the Far East. 10. At the meeting, they discussed ways of improving their work. 11. There are different ways of obtaining the substance. 12. The problem of obtaining power was solved here. 13. The organizers of the conference were informed of his refusing to take part in it.

LESSON 14: CARGO TRANSPORTATION

GERUND

1. Learn the following terms:

1) freight traffic перевозка грузов

2) fuel saving экономия топлива

3) loading and discharging загрузка и разгрузка

4) rational routes of delivery рациональные маршруты перевозки

5) time saving экономия времени

6) correct stowage правильная укладка

7) traffic intensity интенсивность движения

8) perishables скоропортящийся груз

9) highly inflammable cargo огнеопасный груз

10) poisonous goods ядовитый груз

11) large dimensioned cargo крупногабаритный груз

12) harmless freight traffic безопасная перевозка грузов

13) to injure the environment нанести вред окружающей среде

14) to avoid избегать

15) demurrage and detention of containers простой контейнеров

16) to keep all safety regulations соблюдать правила безопасности

17) keeping quality and quantity сохранение качества и количества

18) consignee получатель груза

19) damaged goods поврежденные товары

20) warehouse cклад

21) movement движение, перемещение, перевозка

22) goods / cargo товары, грузы

23) to perform выполнять

24) pipeline трубопровод

25) operation эксплуатация, деятельность, работа

26) vehicle транспортное средство

27) installation установка, оборудование

28) trucking terminal стоянка для грузовиков

29) refueling depot место для заправки

30) truck / lorry грузовик

31) to deal with иметь дело, заниматься

32) scheduled services обслуживание по расписанию

33) traffic flow транспортный поток, движение

34) to use использовать

35) large amounts of land большие площади земли

36) to restrain ограничить

37) urban sprawl беспорядочная застройка городов

38) to cause air pollution вызывать загрязнение воздуха

TRAINING TERMS:

2. Pronounce correctly the following terms:

Freight traffic, national economy, transport, transportation, location, globalization, pollution, installation, station, operation, operator, industry, industrial, movement, cable, infrastructure, vehicle, necessary, canal, terminal, warehouse, depot, automobile, bicycle, helicopter, aircraft, procedure, financing, legality, policy, private, public, passenger, scheduled, services, economic, growth, types, amount, planning, essential, to restrain, urban, sprawl, to develop skills, consignee

3. Translate the following word combinations containing terms:

The movement of people and goods, from one location to another, to be performed by air and by water, public or private, to provide scheduled services, to play an important part, economic growth and globalization, to cause water pollution, to use large amounts of land, good planning of transport, to be essential, to make traffic flow, to restrain urban sprawl, to organize right freight traffic, fuel saving, efficient loading and discharging, rational routes of delivery, time saving, correct stowage, traffic intensity, perishables, highly inflammable and poisonous goods, large dimensioned cargo, harmless freight traffic, to injure the environment, to avoid demurrage and detention of containers, to keep all safety regulations, keeping freight quality and quantity, damaged goods

4. Find pairs of synonyms:

1) freight aim

2) location transportation

3) to perform correct

4) railway to carry out

5) truck cargo

6) purpose place

7) installation railroad

8) traffic lorry

9) right equipment

5. Read the text and understand it. Be ready to answer the questions to the text: