2018-03-09
119
XIV. Выделите ключевые предложения абзацев.
XV. Определите тему текста и сформулируйте его идею.
XVI. Письменно кратко изложите содержание текста на английском языке.
XVII. Ответьте на вопросы:
1. What is the purpose of determining the daylight factor?
2. What are the sources of indirect light in a room?
3. What two factors determine the amount of direct light which reaches any given point in a room?
4. What is proportional to the area of the patch of sky seen from a given point in a room?
5. How can the sky component be determined at the design stage?
6. What is the advantage of using the protractor to calculate the sky component?
7. Do you agree that the indirect component is directly proportional to the area of the internal surfaces of the room? Give reasons for your answer.
8. Using information you gained from the text comment on the methods used to calculate the sky component.
9. If another building obstructs incoming light, is the indirect component increased or decreased?
XVIII. Перескажите текст.
Текст №11
I. Найдите в словаре русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, которые понадобятся вам для работы с текстом, выучите данные слова и выражения: commission, requirement, to estimate, to establish, approval, to incorporate, labour, tender; price, to involve, bill, a preliminary plan, possession, to arise, to protect, contractor.
II. С помощью словаря переведите следующие словосочетания и составьте с ними собственные предложения, не прибегая к помощи текста: organizational relationship, belong to, rules of conduct, the client's interests, to visit the site, a quantity surveyor.
|
|
|
III. Прочитайте, устно переведите и предложите свое название текста. Обоснуйте свой выбор:
This text introduces one possible organisational relationship between the client, architect and contractor. In a medium or large contract in Britain a quantity surveyor would also be involved. He is a person responsible for calculating the quantities of materials and amount of labour needed to complete a contract and for estimating their cost. Architects and quantity surveyors are professional people belonging to an institution which has established rules of conduct for its members. This system arose to protect the client's interests by exercising independent control over the contractor. However, Design and Construct Companies are now common in many parts of the world. In these companies the architectural, quantity surveying and contracting functions are all done by one company. Several other different types of organisational relationships between client, designers and builders are possible.
When an architect receives a commission for a building, he meets the client and discusses his requirements. After visiting the site, the architect draws up preliminary plans and, together with a rough estimate of the cost, submits them to the client for his approval. If the client suggests changes, the architect incorporates them into the final design which shows the exact dimension of every part of the building. At this stage, several building contractors are invited to bid for the job of constructing the building. When they submit their tenders or prices, the architect assists his client in selecting the best one and helps him to draw up a contract between the client and the contractor.
Work now starts on the building. As construction proceeds, the architect make periodic inspections to make sure that the building is being constructed according to his plans and that the materials specified in the contract are being used. During the building period, the client pays the bills from the contractor. Subsequently, the contractor completes the building and the client occupies it. For six months after completion there is a period known as the ‘defects liability period’. During this period, the contractor must correct any defects that appear in the fabric of the building. Finally, when all the defects have been corrected, the client takes full possession of the building.
IV. Найдите в тексте английские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений. На базе текста составьте с ними предложения: участвовать в тендере, оплачивать счет, представлять на рассмотрение, исправлять, участок, в соответствии, ответственный, смета, независимая проверка, на этом этапе, заключить контракт, проект, размер, осмотр, период устранения недоделок.
|
|
|
V. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения: the contractor, requirements, the building, it, design.
1. Work now starts on …
2. Subsequently, the contractor completes the building and the client occupies …
3. When an architect receives a commission for a building, he meets the client and discusses his …
4. If the client suggests changes, the architect incorporates them into the final …
5. During the building period, the client pays the bills from …
VI. Составьте предложения из следующих слов:
1. plans, preliminary, visiting, draws up, the site, the architect, after.
2. requirements, when, his, an architect, discusses, receives, and, a commission, the client, for a building, he, meets.
3. system, to protect, this, interests, client's, arose, the.
4. the contractor, during, the bills, the building, the client, period, pays, from.
5. the building, during, of, this, the fabric, period, in, appear, the contractor, that, must, defects, correct, any.
VII. а) Выделите ядро следующего предложения по схеме:
S-P-(O)-(A)
| Subject → | Predicate → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | сказуемое | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
или S-Р1Р2-(О) - (А);
| Subject → | Predicate1 Predicate2 → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | изменяемая неизменяемая часть сказуемого | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
б) переведите ядро данного предложения на русский язык;
в) переведите предложение целиком: Architects and quantity surveyours are professional people belonging to an institution which has established rules of conduct for its members.
VIII. Письменно переведите абзац: “Work now starts … of the building”.
IX. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями. Обоснуйте свое мнение, пользуясь текстом:
1. When an architect receives a commission for a building, he meets the contractor.
2. After visiting the site, the architect draws up preliminary plans.
3. At this stage, only one building contractor is invited to bid for the job of constructing the building.
4. As construction proceeds, the architect doesn’t make periodic inspections.
5. Finally, when all the defects have been corrected, the client takes full possession of the building.
X. Найдите в тексте слова и выражения, которые соответствуют следующим определениям и в соответствии с прочитанным текстом письменно составьте с ними предложения:
- agreement to do work
- to offer to a client for his consideration
- to combine into a whole
- to have complete ownership of the building
- to look at the building work in detail at regular intervals.
XI. Каждое слово в английском языке имеет несколько значений, которые зависят от контекста и ситуации, в которых оно применяется, также оно может быть как глаголом, так и существительным, поэтому вам предлагаются следующие задания:
- пользуясь англо-русским словарем, изучите статьи о словах “to bid” и “a bill”;
- выпишите сложные слова и производные, приведенные в статьях;
- укажите количество определений, приведенных в статьях;
- выпишите из текста предложения с этими словами и укажите, какое из значений они имеют в данном контексте.
XII. Соедините слова левой колонки с подходящим определением в правой и составьте свои предложения с этими словами:
| 1. client | 1. to live in, to be in possession of a house, etc. |
| 2. to occupy | 2. an approximate calculation |
| 3. estimate | 3. not controlled by other persons |
| 4. independent | 4. land which is used, or will be used, for construction |
| 5. building site | 5. customer |
