2020-04-12
2125
1. Hippocrates was born in 460 BC…
(in Greece, on the Island, in the USA).
2. Hippocrates studied (music, History, medicine) and then he… (run jumped, went) from town to town;
3. It is known that he (established, drove out) the plague from (Greece, France, Italy, Athens)
4. Hippocrates is known as an/a… (bad, poor, serious, excellent) doctor and a teacher of …(biology, surgery, chemistry music, medicine).
5. Hippocrates treated … (diseases by exercise, gymnastics, drugs, diet, salt water baths, massage, and suitable medicine).
6. He observed diseases such as … (mumps, anemia, malaria, chicken pox, pneumonia, tuberculosis).
7. Hippocrates made medicine a/an…(profession, business, science, trade, art).
8. He is often called «the father» of… (Chemistry Biology, Humanities, Philosophy, Medicine).
9. The Hippocratic Oath is a collection of… (laws, works. compositions, promises).
Answer the following questions / Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. When was Hippocrates born?
2. How did he practice the art of medicine?
3. How did Hippocrates drive out the plague from Athens?
4. Was Hippocrates an excellent doctor and a teacher of medicine?
5. How did Hippocrates teach his pupils to examine the patient?
6. How did Hippocrates treat diseases?
7. What are the words added to the medical language by Hippocrates?
8. Who is the most famous of all the Greek doctors?
9. Why is Hippocrates called «the Father of Medicine»?
10. How is a collection of promises written by Hippocrates called?
Тема 3.3. History of Nursing. Florence Nightingale / История сестринского дела. Флоренс Найтингейл
Level A
Мы учим новые слова/We learn the new words
| сonditions - условия | generous - великодушный |
| nurses’ training programmes – курсы сестер милосердия | selfless - самоотверженный |
| remember – помнить | award - награда |
| kind - добрый | establish - учреждать |
Мы читаем/We read
Florence Nightingale
1820-1910
Florence Nightingale is a national heroine. She was a nurse in the army. She did much to reform hospital conditions. She often worked twenty-four hours a day. She helped doctors, washed floors, and organized the cooking. She changed the whole system of the army hospital organization. She organized new nurses’ training programmes.
People remember her as a kind, generous, and delicate lady. She was so selfless.
In 1912 the International Red Cross League established the Florence Nightingale Medal as the highest international award to nurses.
In pairs, discuss the questions / Обсудите вопросы в парах
1 When did Florence live?
2 What did she do for the British nation?
3 What kind of person was she?
4 How did people honour (оказывать честь) her?
Level B
Reading
Read the three texts and do the exercises after them
Florence Nightingale
Florence Nightingale was born on 12 May 1820 in the city of Florence in Italy. Her rich parents hoped that she would follow the path of most upper-class English girls and spend her time visiting friends and going to parties, in the hope of meeting a wealthy husband. But Florence had other ideas.
When she was eighteen, Florence became convinced that her aim in life was to care for the sick. This idea horrified her parents, because in those days nurses were usually rough women, with little or no medical training. But in spite of her parents’ objections, Florence secretly studied nursing and worked out plans for improving the running of hospitals. Gradually she overcame her parents’ opposition, and began visiting and working in hospitals.
In 1854 Florence Nightingale was asked to lead a group of nurses to care for British soldiers wounded in the bloody battles of the Crimean War. Florence went to the Crimean War together with 38 nurses to help soldiers get better.
When she arrived with her nurses, Florence Nightingale found thousands of sick and wounded British soldiers crammed into a filthy hospital with not enough food and supplies. Within a few weeks she arranged for the hospital to be cleaned and organized food and medical supplies.
As a result, the sick and wounded were far more comfortable. She was devoted to the care of her patients and the soldiers loved her. They called her the “Lady of the Lamp” because each night she walked through the dark wards with her lamp, bringing comfort to the sick and dying.
Florence Nightingale returned home in 1856 and was met as a heroine. But she took no notice of all the praise and instead set about working to improve army hospitals in England. She also concerned herself with health problems in British colonies overseas, especially India. Florence Nightingale became a well-known adviser on nursing all over the world. In 1860 she established the first training school for nurses, the Nightingale School for Nurses at St Thomas's Hospital in London.
She did not teach at the school, but instead organized the training and provided much advice. She laid down strict rules for the behaviour of nurses and made sure they were taught basic skills of first aid and hygiene. The nurses were also taught to run hospital wards in an organized and orderly way. Many of them went on to work abroad and brought her ideas to other countries.
After a long life of service to other people, Florence Nightingale died in 1910, at the age of ninety.
In pairs, discuss the questions:
1. Was Florence Nightingale Italian? Did she come from a poor family?
2. In what way did she help the British soldiers in the Crimean War?
3. Why did the soldiers call her the “Lady of the Lamp”?
4. What kind of school did Florence Nightingale establish in London?
5. Why is she remembered today?
Project work
To learn more about Florence Nightingale, go to www.florence-nightingale.co.uk
Then make a presentation and report in class.
Text 2
The Grand Duchess Elizabeth / Великая Княгиня Елизавета Федоровна
1864-1918
Vocabulary
ü to give first aid – оказывать первую помощь
ü mercy, merciful – милосердие, милосердный
ü charity - благотворительность
ü teach-taught-taught – обучать, учить
ü learn-learnt-learnt – учиться, узнавать
ü assassinate – убивать (о высокопоставленных людях)
ü convent – обитель, монастырь (женский)
ü orphanage - приют
ü canteen - столовая
ü for free, free of charge – бесплатно, безвозмездно
ü have office hours – вести прием
ü nun - монахиня
ü nurse – (здесь) ухаживать, выхаживать (о больных)
ü amaze - изумлять
ü severe injury, illness – тяжелая травма, заболевание
The Grand Duchess Elizabeth was a German princess, a granddaughter of the English Queen Victoria and a sister of the last Russian Empress Alexandra.
Her parents always taught Elizabeth and the other children to do many things themselves and help the poor. The mother often went to hospitals together with her daughters. There Elizabeth learnt to give first aid and be merciful to people.
At the age of twenty she married the Grand Duke (Великий Князь) Sergey Alexandrovich Romanov, an uncle of Nicholas the Second. Soon Sergey Alexandrovich became Governor General (генерал-губернатор) of Moscow. They did much for charity as they both were real Christians.
In 1905 Sergey Alexandrovich was assassinated by a revolutionary. After her husband’s death the life of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth changed completely. She decided to build a convent on her own money.
The Convent of Mary and Martha (Марфо-Мариинская обитель) was opened in Moscow in 1907. It had an orphanage for girls, a school, a canteen for the needy, a library, a hospital, an outpatient clinic and a pharmacy in which the medicine was free for the poor. There was also a dentist office in the clinic. The head doctor in the hospital was Doctor of Medicine A.I.Nikitin.The surgeons F.I.Berezkin and A.F.Ivanov performed the operations free of charge. Every week 34 physicians had office hours for free. The nuns managed to nurse patients having the most severe injuries and illnesses. The Grand Duchess Elizabeth who became the abbess (настоятельница) of the convent used to spend sleepless nights beside the sick people. Her methods of treatment amazed the Moscow doctors.
During the soviet time the convent was closed. After the perestroika it was re-opened and restored. Nowadays its nuns keep on doing the mercy mission.
The Grand Duchess Elizabeth was assassinated near Alapayevsk in 1918.
In 1992 she was canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church.
In pairs, discuss the following questions:
1 Was the Grand Duchess Elizabeth Russian?
2 What did her parents teach their children?
3 What can you say about her husband?
4 What happened to him in 1905?
5 How did the life of the Grand Duchess Elizabeth change after the husband’s death?
6 What did she decide to do?
7 What was there in the convent?
8 Did the nuns care for the patients very well?
9 Did Elizaveta Fyodorovna work as a nurse too?
10 Why was she canonized by the Russian Orthodox Church?
11 Can Elizaveta Fyodorovna be a good example for you?
Project work
To learn more about the Grand Duchess Elizabeth, go to the Internet. Then make a presentation and report in class.
Text 3
Doctor Liza
 |
Elizaveta Glinka was a Russian doctor who specialized mostly in palliative medicine.
Here are some facts about her.
Elizaveta Glinka was born on the 20-th of February in 1962 in Moscow in the family of a serviceman and a doctor.
In 1986 Glinka graduated from the Second Medical Institute. During her studies she worked in the intensive care unit in one of the Moscow clinics.
After the institute Glinka emigrated to the U.S. with her husband Gleb Glinka who was a successful American lawyer with the Russian roots. There in the U.S. Elizaveta specialized in palliative medicine at Dartmouth Medical School.
In America on the initiative of her husband Elizaveta started working in a hospice. In her own words she was shocked by the human attitude towards the patients with terminal diseases. After coming back to Russia, she participated in the creation of the first hospice in Moscow. She drew public attention to the training of future specialists of palliative medicine.
In 2007 Elizaveta established the Fair Aid Foundation in Russia and became its President. She treated the homeless people, dressed their wounds and fed them at Paveletsky railway station in Moscow. The homeless called her Mother Liza. “Sharing someone’s woe, pain and sufferings was her internal necessity”, says her husband.
After the Donbas and Lugansk separating from the Ukraine, hundreds of refugees flooded to Moscow and other regions. Together with her supporters Doctor Liza met them at the railway station and brought them to different hospitals as many of them had severe wounds. In 2015 Doctor Liza established the House of Mercy for these people. Elizaveta helped many families who had to leave the Ukraine. Some people didn’t believe in her kindness thinking she had some mercenary intentions. In July 201Elizaveta Glinka and her Foundation organized the collection of items for the victims of the devastating floods in Krymsk.
In December of 2016 Elizaveta Glinka was awarded a state prize. At the ceremony in the Kremlin she said, “People must have the right of life. Nowadays this right has been violated (попирается)”.
On the 25-th of December in 2016 Elizaveta Glinka died in Tu-154 crash near Sochi.She was a member of the Russian delegation bringing medicines to Syria and to its people.
Elizaveta Glinka will always stay alive in our thankful memory!
Project work
To learn more about Elizaveta Glinka, go to the Internet. Then make a presentation and report in class.
