2020-04-12
3557
Level A
Мы учим новые слова/We learn the new words
inject- вводить, впрыскивать
blood-кровь
develop- разрабатывать
invent- изобретать
pain-боль
surgery -хирургия
discovery- открытие
x-rays- рентген
vaccine -вакцина
smallpox-оспа
cure – средство, лекарство (от болезни)
cowpox – коровья оспа
We read / Мы читаем
Read the text and do the exercises after it / Прочитайте текст «Научные открытия» и выполните задания после него
Scientific developments of the 18th - 20th centuries
In the 18th century doctors discovered cures for many dangerous diseases such as smallpox (оспа). In 1796 a British doctor Edward Jenner developed a method of “vaccination”. He made smallpox vaccines from cowpox – a disease that cows had. His vaccine stopped thousands of people dying of smallpox. The vaccine is a weak type of a virus or bacterium. When a vaccine is injected to a patient, his body starts to make antibodies (substances in the blood that can kill viruses and bacteria). In future the patient who has been vaccinated will not get this disease again because the antibodies in his body will kill viruses or bacteria if they get inside the body.
Later in the 19th century a French chemist Louis Pasteur developed Edward Jenner’s invention and made a vaccine for hydrophobia. Louis Pasteur is also known as the founder of modern microbiology. He discovered that infection is caused by germs that spread through the air. He proved that germs can be killed in liquids by heat and developed the process of pasteurization.
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About one thousand years ago doctors in the Middle East started to make anesthetics (drugs which help patients not to feel pain). The first anesthetics were made from plants. Doctors made some plants into medicines for patients to put into their mouth. Later new anesthetics were invented. One of them was cocaine which was discovered in the 19th century. Cocaine was very effective as a local anesthetic. Surgeons could inject cocaine into a certain part of the body and stop the patient feeling pain during the surgery. When the problem of pain was solved, surgeons could perform long and complicated operations.
In 1895 Wilhelm Roentgen discovered X-rays. He placed his hand in front of the apparatus and saw that the rays passed through the hand and cast a shadow of bones on the screen. These rays were unknown to him and he called them X-rays.
During the first part of the 20th century a lot of important advances were made. In 1922 Frederik Banting discovered that insulin was very effective against diabetes.
In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. It was used in hospitals to reduce infections in wounds during the Second World War. After penicillin a series of other anti-infectious drugs were discovered. All these drugs are known as antibiotics.
Say it in English / Скажите это по-английски
Оспа, вакцинация, коровья оспа, ввести вакцину, кровь, развивать, изобретение, вакцина от бешенства, анестезия, лекарство, чувствовать боль, хирургическая операция, открывать (обнаруживать), жидкость, местное обезболивающее, хирург, длинные и сложные операции, рентгеновские лучи, диабет
Complete the table / Закончите таблицу
| Who | When | What |
| ..... | in 1796 | method of “vaccination” |
| Louis Pasteur | ..... | vaccine for hydrophobia |
| ..... | ..... | X-rays. |
| ..... | in 1922 | ..... |
| Alexander Fleming | ….. | ..... |
True or false?
1. During the 15th century doctors discovered cures for many dangerous diseases.
2. The vaccine is a weak type of a virus or bacterium.
3. He made smallpox vaccines from cowpox – a disease that dogs had.
4. Louis Pasteur is also known as the founder of modern microbiology.
5. He proved that germs could be killed in liquids by cold and developed the process of freezing.
6. The first anesthetics were made from plants.
7. Cocaine was discovered in the 21th century.
Раздел 4. Medical Institutions. The Future Simple Tense / Медицинские учреждения. Будущее простое время
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Тема 4.1 The Polyclinic / Поликлиника
Level A
Мы учим новые слова/We learn the new words
Основать сеть- establish a network
Охранять здоровье людей -protect the people’s health
Вызвать врача – call in the doctor
Состояние - condition
Врач – doctor, physician
Терапевт, врач общей практики / general practitioner (GP)
Невролог - neurologist
Хирург - surgeon
Жалобы пациента; жаловаться на –the patient’s complaints; complain of
Проводить медицинский осмотр- perform the medical examination
Выслушать сердце и лёгкие пациента – listen to the patient’s heart and lungs
Измерять артериальное давление – take (measure) one’s blood pressure
Измерять температуру – take (measure) one’s temperature
результаты лабораторных исследований -lab results
Мы читаем/We read
The State has established a wide network of medical institutions to protect the people’s health in the Russian Federation. One of such medical institutions is the polyclinic, the basic medical unit.
Many specialists including general practitioners, neurologists, surgeons and others work at the polyclinic. During the medical examination a physician usually asks the patient what he/she complains of and according to the complaints performs the medical examination. A physician listens to the patient's heart and lungs and measures his/her blood pressure and if necessary takes the patient’s temperature. Lab technicians test blood, feces and urine samples. At the local polyclinic every patient has a personal patient's chart which is filled in by his/her physician.
A nurse is a chief assistant of a doctor and carries out his/her instructions. She/he weighs the patients, checks their temperature and blood pressure, examines the skin and give a referral for laboratory tests, to medical imaging services and different specialists.
A doctor and a nurse work together for the sake of the patient’s health.
Odd one out / Удали лишнее слово:
1. Neurologist – general practitioner – patient – physician – surgeon
2. Blood pressure – temperature – lab samples – GP – X-ray – ultrasound scanning
3. Diagnosis – treatment – laboratory tests – administrations – health certificate
4. Nurse – blood analysis – temperature – urinalysis – X-ray
5. Cause of disease – complaints – changes in the patient condition – treatment plan – patient’s chart
True or false? Correct the false sentences/
Верно или неверно? Исправьте неправильные предложения:
1. A nurse listens to the patient’s heart and lungs.
2. The laboratory results include X-ray and ultrasound examinations.
3. Many specialists work in the polyclinic.
4. A physician writes down a patient’ complaints in the chart.
5. A nurse makes a correct diagnosis and administers the proper treatment.
6. Every patient has a personal patient’s chart.
7. A nurse checks the patient’s temperature
8. A doctor and a nurse work together for the sake of patient’s health.
9. A nurse gives a patient a referral for laboratory tests.
Choose the correct answer (answers) to complete the sentence / Выберите правильный ответ (ответы) и закончите предложение:
1) The laboratory results help the doctor …
1. 
to give the first aid
2. to make a correct diagnosis
3. to fill in a chart
4. to know a patient
2) The nurse’s duties are …
1. 
to prescribe the medicine
2. 
to treat the patients
3. to carry out the doctor’s prescriptions
4. to give a referral for blood tests
Level B
Vocabulary
Основать сеть- establish a network
Охранять здоровье людей -protect the people’s health
Вызвать врача – call in the doctor
Состояние - condition
Врач – doctor, physician
Терапевт, врач общей практики / general practitioner (GP)
Невролог - neurologist
Хирург - surgeon
Жалобы пациента; жаловаться на –the patient’s complaints; complain of
Проводить медицинский осмотр- perform the medical examination
Выслушать сердце и лёгкие пациента – listen to the patient’s heart and lungs
Измерять артериальное давление – take (measure) one’s blood pressure
Измерять температуру – take (measure) one’s temperature
результаты лабораторных исследований – lab results
делать анализ крови- test one’s bloods ample;
Анализ крови; анализ мочи – blood test(blood analysis); urinalysis
Делать анализ мочи, кала- test one’s urine (feces) sample
Поставить точный диагноз –make an accurate diagnosis
Назначить правильное лечение - administer the proper treatment
Лечить пациента – treat a patient
Личная карточка пациента – a personal patient's chart
Диагноззаболевания - diagnosis of the disease
Направление (к специалисту) - a referral
лабораторный медицинский техник – lab technician
Reading
The State has established a wide network of medical institutions to protect the people’s health in the Russian Federation. One of such medical institutions is the polyclinic, the basic medical unit.
Many specialists including general practitioners, neurologists, surgeons and others work at the polyclinic. During the medical examination a physician usually asks the patient what he/she complains of and according to the complaints performs the medical examination. A physician listens to the patient's heart and lungs and measures his/her blood pressure and if necessary takes the patient’s temperature. Lab technicians test blood, feces and urine samples. The lab results help a physician to make an accurate diagnosis of the disease and administer the proper treatment.
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Any physician of the polyclinic knows his/her patients very well because he/she cares for a definite number of patients. At the local polyclinic, every patient has a personal patient's chart, which is filled in by his/her physician.
A nurse is a chief assistant of a doctor and carries out his/her instructions. She/he weighs the patients, checks their temperature and blood pressure, examines the skin and give a referral for laboratory tests, to medical imaging services and different specialists. A nurse explains everything to the patients and gives them out some health certificates.
A doctor and a nurse work together for the sake of the patient’s health.
Odd one out:
1. Neurologist – general practitioner – patient – physician – surgeon
2. Blood pressure – temperature – lab samples – GP – X-ray – ultrasound scanning
3. Diagnosis – treatment – laboratory tests – administrations – health certificate
4. Nurse – blood analysis – temperature – urinalysis – X-ray
5. Cause of disease – complaints – changes in the patient condition – treatment plan – patient’s chart
