2018-03-09
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XII. Задайте 10 вопросов к тексту.
ХШ. Перескажите текст.
Текст № 3
I. Найдите в словаре русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, которые понадобятся вам для работы с текстом, и выучите их: analloying metal, conjunction, durability, to eclipse, to employ.
II. С помощью словаря переведите следующие словосочетания и составьте с ними собственные предложения, не прибегая к помощи текста: sound and heat insulation, light metals, the building industry.
III. Прочитайте, устно переведите и предложите свое название текста. Обоснуйте свой выбор:
Aluminium is the most important of the light metals used in the building industry. Magnesium is still lighter, but it has not yet become a building material. It is used only as an alloying metal in conjunction with aluminium. The major characteristics of aluminium in which the architect is interested are its durability and its light weight.
Glass is now generally employed in the construction of industrial buildings, office blocks and schools. In recent years it has eclipsed all other materials for heat and sound insulation purposes.
Plastics are a new building material. Nearly all the plastics are compounds of such simple elements as carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and sometimes nitrogen. The characteristics of the various plastics depend upon the way in which these elements are combined. Plastics are used where the older materials are not satisfactory, or for the development of entirely new uses.
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IV. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения: the building industry, aluminium, schools, purposes, a building material.
1. Glass is now generally employed in the construction of industrial buildings, office blocks and...
2. Magnesium is still lighter, but it has not yet become...
3. In recent years it has eclipsed all other materials for heat and sound insulation...
4. It is used only as an alloying metal in conjunction with...
5. Aluminium is the most important of the light metals used in...
V. Составьте предложения из следующих слов и словосочетаний:
1. material, are, plastics, a, building, new.
2. are, the characteristics, combined, of, these, the, depend, various, plastics, upon, in, the way, which, elements.
3. new, plastics, uses, are, entirely, used, the older, where, materials, not, or, for satisfactory, the development, are, of.
VI. а) Выделите ядро из следующего предложения по схеме:
S-P-(O)-(A)
| Subject → | Predicate → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | сказуемое | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
или S-Р1Р2-(О) - (А);
| Subject → | Predicate1 Predicate2 → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | изменяемая неизменяемая часть сказуемого | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
б) переведите ядро данного предложения на русский язык;
в) переведите предложение целиком: In recent years it has eclipsed all other materials for heat and sound insulation purposes.
VII. Письменно переведите абзац: “Plastics... new uses”.
VIII. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями:
1. Aluminium isn't the most important of the light metals.
2. Glass is now generally employed in the construction of industrial buildings.
3. Plastics are used where the older materials are not satisfactory.
4. Magnesium is a building material.
5. Plastics are a new building material.
IX.Соедините слова левой колонки с подходящим определением в правой и составьте свои предложения с этими словами:
| 1. recent | 1. make use of... |
| 2. to employ | 2. grow larger, become more useful |
| 3. to develop | 3. not long ago |
| 4. light | 4. not heavy |
| 5. architect | 5. a person who designs and supervises the construction of buildings |
X. Выделите ключевые предложения абзацев.
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XI. Определите тему текста и сформулируйте его идею.
XII. Письменно кратко изложите содержание текста на русском языке.
XIII. Задайте 10 вопросов к тексту.
XIV. Перескажите текст.
Текст № 4
I.Найдите в словаре русские эквиваленты следующих слов и выражений, которые понадобятся вам для работы с текстом, и выучите иx: structural load, a building, steel, rod, to consider.
II. С помощью словаря переведите следующие словосочетания и составьте с ними собственные предложения, не прибегая к помощи текста: to divide the space, to form framed structures, to form a building.
III. Прочитайте, устно переведите и предложите свое название текста. Обоснуйте свой выбор:
Building materials are used in two basic ways. In the first way they are used to support the loads on a building and in the second way they are used to divide the space in a building. Building components are made from building materials and the form of a component is related to the way in which it is used. We can see how this works by considering three different types of construction:
1. In one kind of construction, blocks of materials such as brick, stone, or concrete are put together to form solid walls. These materials are heavy; however, they can support the structural loads because they have the property of high compressive strength. Walls made up of blocks both support the building and divide the space in the building.
2. In another type of construction, sheet materials are used to form walls which act as both space-dividers and structural support. Timber, concrete and some plastics can be made into large rigid sheets and fixed together to form a building. These buildings are lighter and faster to construct than buildings made up of blocks.
3. Rod materials, on the other hand, can be used for structural support but not for dividing spaces. Timber, steel and concrete can be formed into rods and used as columns. Rod materials with high tensile and compressive strength can be fixed together to form framed structures. The spaces between the rods can be filled with light sheet materials which act as space dividers but do not support structural loads.
IV. Закончите предложения, используя следующие слова и выражения: to form a building, the space in the building, materials, for dividing spaces, sheet materials.
1. Walls made up of blocks both support the building and divide...
2. The spaces between the rods can be filled with light...
3. Building components are made from building...
4. Timber, concrete and some plastics can be made into large rigid sheets, fixed together...
5. Rod materials, on the other hand, can be used for structural support but not...
V. Составьте предложения из следующих слов и словосочетаний:
1. in two, building, basic ways, are used, materials.
2. columns, timber, as, steel, used, and, rods, concrete, into, can be formed, and.
3. the building, walls, in, made up, the space, of blocks, divide both, and the building, support.
VI. а) Выделите ядро из следующего предложения по схеме:
S-P-(O)-(A)
| Subject → | Predicate → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | сказуемое | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
или S-Р1Р2-(О) - (А);
| Subject → | Predicate1 Predicate2 → | (Object) → | (Adverbial Modifier) |
| подлежащее | изменяемая неизменяемая часть сказуемого | (дополнение) | (обстоятельство) |
б) переведите ядро данного предложения на русский язык;
в) переведите предложение целиком: In another type of construction, sheet materials are used to form walls which act as both space-dividers and structural support.
VII. Письменно переведите абзац: “In another type of... made up of blocks”.
VIII. Согласитесь или не согласитесь со следующими высказываниями:
1. Rod materials can't be used for structural support but can be used for dividing spaces.
2. In the first way they are used to support the loads on a building and in the second way they are used to divide the space in a building.
3. Walls made up of blocks both support the building and divide the space in the building.
4. Timber, steel, and concrete can't be formed into rods and used as columns.
5. These buildings are lighter and faster to construct than buildings made up of blocks.
IX. Соедините слова левой колонки с подходящим определением в правой и составьте свои предложения с этими словами:
| 1. building materials | 1. unlimited place extending in all directions |
| 2. space | 2. material made from cement and sand, gravel, etc. |
| 3. concrete | 3. having (great) weight |
| 4. column | 4. upright vertical structure |
| 5. heavy | 5. the materials from which building elements are made |
