Educational system in schools of Kazakhstan. Research of domestic scientists on the identification of the educational system

The theory of education is a system of knowledge about the basic laws, principles and concepts of education. The methodology is that the methodology is based on it.

"Methodology" is a set of different approaches that can be used to achieve or achieve a particular goal. There are two types of methods or techniques in pedagogical science. They are divided into educational methods and educational mototics.

Teaching methodology or methodology is a set of many ways of organizing the educational process according to its goals and objectives. The goal is to identify and define the main directions and the best practices and forms (educational forms) of the organization of the educational process.

Principle of Education Principle is the prerequisite, the basic rule, which is guided by human actions. The basic principles of today's generation, the content of the generation, the methods of approach and the foundation of the organizational system are as follows:

1. Idealism and purposefulness of the child.

The main purpose of the upbringing is to educate a person who has healthy, national consciousness, who has a high level of spiritual thinking, abundance of cultural, intelligent, conscientious, hardworking, businessman, and other good qualities.

All school activities and public life should serve this.

2. Educating and educating the younger generation is a way for children to be involved in mental and physical training, adaptation to productive work, parents and children, educators and pupils, large and small relationships, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, philanthropy, respect for each other.

3. The requirement for the individual and the respect to the person during his / her education.

Innovative teacher Kumash Nurgaliev said, "It should be a golden line between the teacher and the pupil who believes in the child's teacher, the teacher's love for the child."

 Respect for and bringing up a child - learning the strengths and weaknesses of the child and creating the necessary conditions for its growth. Demand shows respect for the student respect, strength and ability. Teacher should design a spiritual sacred pupil based on it and help the student develop his / her own experience.

4. The sequence of continuing education, regularity, continuity.

Teaching experience has shown that the need for children and pedagogical support is unity. Effectiveness of reproductive education is the unity of demand in educational institutions, continuity of activities.

5. Recording of the age and personality of students.

The peculiarities of students are health, mentality, moral formation, response to external influences, and so on. Someone responds correctly to their well-balanced comments, some may have the opposite effect, so it is necessary to timely detect the educational level of students. All educational work is based on the continuity of knowledge and belief, word and work.

Child is the ultimate goal of pedagogical care. The discovery of a child's inner self depends on the feelings of love and relationships of people. Only when a child is counted and given freedom, he can express his or her opinion clearly, and the admiration of adults increases their confidence.

One of the important constituents of the system, the source of the pedagogical system's activity is the harmonious development of the student, the purpose of the collaboration between teachers and students aimed at self-determination. The purpose of the school is to build a culture of intellectual, moral, aesthetic, environmental, legal and other bases of personality. Common goals are specified in separate directions of the educational process. The key to increasing the effectiveness of governance is the ability of school leaders, teachers, students to identify individual goals and coordinate and manage them for a specific period of time.

Social and pedagogical conditions of functioning of the pedagogical system state stable state of its condition and development. Terms of school management are divided into two groups, both general and special. Common terms include social, economic, cultural, national, geographical conditions. Special terms - social and demographic composition of pupils; school location (city, district); material resources of the school; such as the educational potential of the environment. An important indicator of the effectiveness of the pedagogical process is the nature of the moral psychological situation in pedagogical and student collectives, the level of pedagogical level of parents of pupils.

Creating a model of educational system is a process of creating a systematic model of education. This should be viewed as a way of recognizing the educational system as well as being an important component of the system's management, and in the future, both in its functioning and development stages, when its elements, connections and structures are subject to change.

During the template creation process, it is assumed that you will have to divide up to three stages:

Stage I - Creating a school image. II stage - introduction of this image of the school on one model of the educational system of the educational institution. III stage - introduction of minor changes in the model of the educational system and the school image.

K. Ushinsky in his book "Methods of Teaching Man" says: "The art of teaching is almost familiar and understandable to all, and to some, even easier to see, is that the more human theoretical or practical acquaintance with him is, the less it looks easier. Almost all people admit that education requires patience, some believe that they need congenital abilities and business, that is, skills, but that, in addition to patience, congenital abilities and skills, special knowledge is needed. "

Thus, the teaching of art education required for teachers is carried out in special professional and higher educational institutions. The first stage of teaching art education for students of pedagogical educational institutions begins with studying the course of pedagogy. It is multistage. In particular, the theory and methodology of educational work is exceptional. The purpose of this discipline is to help students of pedagogical institutions learn the basic issues of the content and organization of educational work of students.

In the case of school, the responsibility for this responsibility lies with the class leaders. Its effective organization depends on the quality of the pedagogical knowledge of the class leaders and pedagogical skills. It is important to involve the school's pedagogical staff and children's parents, and even the public.

Child rearing is a creative process. It is not possible to give a complete report or a ready prescription in one reader. It is organized in every school, even in the classroom's inner self.

1.Education is one of the main functions of the society, the process of targeted, systematic formation of the individual, the development of the consciousness, the positive behavior of the older generation, the experience of the next generation. An adult generation provides the accumulated experience in societal life, the education of the younger generation through the educational process. Education should be aimed at training of business people capable of producing material assets. The main producer is physical person. A person is systematically intertwined with complex relationships, and he has the idea of ​​social order, political and moral attitudes, and the order of human life in the society.

Pedagogy defines the necessary conditions for education and upbringing of the child, teaching experience.

In short, education is an objective process derived from the historical socio-economic conditions of society.

During the educational process the child should use the necessary conditions for his / her development. The natural and social environment evolves its position.

2. The goal is to strive for something and realize it. From this point of view, the purpose of education is to predict the outcome of educational work that will be carried out to develop youth.

Purpose and system of education depends on the state policy and economy. Education and society have emerged simultaneously. Education is a social phenomenon, without which the life of society is not progressing. Initially, in the community building, adults taught the customs and tradition of the community to promote children's work.

In the class society, the main goal of society is to define educational goals. The slaves, the means of production (land, labor) were the property of slave owners in public construction. The purpose of education was to subjugate the interests of the slave and to educate children in aggressive warfare.

In each country, specific issues and methods of education and upbringing of children are considered. The teacher needs to know exactly what kind of person he is going to do. K. Ushinsky compares an educator who does not see clearly the purpose of his work, comparing building materials to one architect who does not know what he wants to do. The educator is aware of the education, business, skill, and education of the younger generation, and carries out planned, purposeful and upbringing work. Ya.А. Komensky said that "The purpose and purpose of education, the way, the way of realization should be determined by the position of a person in the society", "The next centuries are related to the citizens educated for that century." These thoughts are reflected in the introduction of the "Mother School".

"Education is a harmonious process that shapes and shapes human beings" - Komensky divided the educational objective into the following basic elements:

• bringing all things to a person - "scientific knowledge";

• Making things and things of their own - "moral";

• worship of God and things - "religious upbringing";

• Physical health - "physical education".

IG The purpose of education is to provide the child with elementary education, work, mental, physical education, harmonious and harmonious development.

German teacher A. Fighting challenging and chauvinist policy in addressing distressive pedagogical issues, "The mission of the school is to educate conscious people who love mankind and their people."

K.D Ushinsky The purpose of education is to educate a person who is useful to the society. He considers moral education as closely related to mental and labor education. P.B Blonsky's purpose is to help the child to master the culture of mankind and the nation, to form the universal human ideals of the individual.

The pedagogical literature of 1941-1990 introduced the concept of "comprehensive development" in the fields of intellectual, polytechnic and educational work, moral education, physical and aesthetic education.

A.Makarenko noted that on the basis of the state duty of education it is possible to put pedagogical tasks and to control the work of teachers. She supported the proposal, "The main purpose of the curriculum is to develop a child", and SA Sukhomlinski realized it.

The purpose of education was also included in the Kazakh teaching and educational literature. Great Teacher Abu Nasr Al-Farabi said: "The most important thing for a person to be educated is education, without which he is the enemy of humanity, which will lead to catastrophic consequences in the future."

Y.Altynsarin "is the essence of life, labor, it merits the moral qualities of a person, only the laborer can understand the real value of life." "Triviality, meaningless humor is the motive of the person, the fun and excitement of the work, that is,

Abay Kunanbayev calls for the elimination of harmful habits such as gossip, lying, pride, libel, and foolishness, with the aim of creating good personal qualities, such as demand, labor, deep thought, satisfaction, grace.

M.Zhumabayev wrote: "It is a brilliant body, straightforward, accurate, sophisticated, intelligent, beautiful, beautiful, and beautiful.

Matzhan Maksymovich Tleuzhanov in his monograph "Kazakh folklore" (1994) emphasized the main directions of the Kazakh language. They are: to keep the purity of conscience; be smart and reasonable; all the action, speech, attitude and attitude of the gibberish; get up early and stay up late; little talk and hearing; faith, kindness, goodness; avoiding the upbringing of the younger generation; folk traditions; update it; abstain from things that are not commonplace; eight-sided, one-sided; Do not wash the spirit of the people; preserve the country's prosperity and contribute to its enrichment.

In traditional pedagogy, the main purpose of the upbringing of the younger generation is to "form a harmonious and well-developed personality".

The 1995 Constitution of the Republic of Kazakhstan "Concept of Pre-school and School-Age Childhood Development" is in line with international human rights norms.

The main purpose of the education and upbringing of the population in the Republic of Kazakhstan is the education of all-round people who provide the sovereignty of Kazakhstan, confess it to the whole world, establish relations with it and establish a market for Kazakhstan's patriotism and political freedoms..

Problems arise from the objectives of the childhood.

3. World view is one of the most important educational goals. World viewpoint is a man's view of nature and social environment, relationships, and directions of action. The world view is based on the knowledge of the laws of the world on the basis of science.

Mental education is the formation of students' thinking, the formation of the scientific view of the world, the scientific knowledge system. The main objectives of mental education are to equip the students with natural science and social sciences; developing abilities (business, skill, control, recording, self-control, etc.) by improving thinking abilities (abstract, analytical analysis, synthesis, comparison, assembling, analyzing, etc.) formation of scientific views.

Objectives of moral education are humanism, honesty, courage, tolerance; development of a human feeling of love, respect, and charity; to teach students to take responsibility for their duties and interests; to love their homeland, to respect the friendship of nations;

The main objectives of labor education are:

a) to teach students business and labor skills;

f) education of pupils in the choice of profession by introducing them to the main branches of national economy, types of work;

b) upbringing of advanced labor traditions.

Objectives of aesthetic education:

• Developing the child's emotions and tastes through artistic creativity (art, literature, drama, cinema), visual arts (painting, graphics, sculpture)

• Adaptation to the use of aesthetic devices.

• To contribute to the beauty of the upbringing.

Physical education objectives: development of pupils' organs; youth labor, training for the protection of the Motherland, tolerance, courage, agility, business, education.

4. The essence of the educational process is to create a child's collective and public relations system, to analyze the outcomes of pedagogical conditions, educational effects, and to regulate the planning work; Development and implementation of the educational process; adjusting and adjusting educational influences; conclusion, accounting and control.

Education dialectics is a phenomenon that exists in external influences (objective) that passes into the human consciousness (subjective). Social behavior plays an important role in the formation of a person's social significance.

External and internal contradictions contribute to the formation of the social significance of a person in the educational process.

External contradictions:

• Discrepancy between public order and human behavior.

• The ratio of student behavior to student behavior.

Internal contradictions:

• The attitude of a tutor and the opportunity of the pupil.

• The ratio between the needs of the pupil and the way of satisfaction.

5. The basic principles of education. The relationship between pedagogical phenomena and process is called laws.

1. 'The well-being of the child is related to the socio-economic situation of the society, the implementation of democratic principles, human rights protection.

In connection with modern historical events, the international community has created the world of universal human rights and fundamental human rights, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UN Convention on the Rights of the Child). They give a new direction to the theory and methodology of modern upbringing, educational ideals and spiritual values. According to the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On Education" (1999), these documents became the basis of the state policy in the field of education of the country.

2. Relationship between education and quality of education. Training is a personality-building tool. The content, type and method of the education is selected depending on the age of the pupil.

3. Unity of education and self-education. Activity plays an important role in the development and personal development of a person. Types of activity during activity: activity activity, cognitive activity, self-discipline.

Activity activity creates behavior and behavior of a person. Activity activity - teaches the meaning of things and phenomena, deeper understanding of scientific concepts and laws, and application of it in practice. If adult people are asking questions and directing the development of cognitive activity, their attitudes and supervisory qualities are shaped.

Self-educational activity - educational work is successful when awakening the child's motivation for self-education.

4. Interaction between the collective and the individual in the pedagogical process.

The main task of the team is to be careful about the creative growth of each person.