Комплекс текстов для работы на уроке

При создании дополнительного комплекса текстом к выбранному УМК в первую очередь необходимо выделить методы, на которых оно базируется, с целью соблюдения приницпа целостности в тематике, структуре и лексико-грамматическом наполнении.

В УМК “FORWARD” для 4 класса использованы следующие методы обучения: грамматико-переводной (работа с оригинальными текстами, анализ явлений письменной речи), сознательно-практический, сознательно-сопоставительный, коммуникативный, суггестопедический, эмоционально-смысловой (развитие речи в условиях, иммитирующих реальное общение), проблемного изложения материала, эвристический (разбор различных аспектов в рамках одной проблемы), исследовательский (самостоятельное решение познавательной задачи).

Отличительной особенностью данного учебно-методического комплекса является сюжетность в организации занятий, которые связаны также хронологией подачи лексико-грамматического материала. Сюжетность обеспечивает мотивацию детей к речемыслительной деятельности на уроке за счет пролонгированного участия в различных видах образовательной познавательной активности. Языковые и речевые средства даются с избытком с той целью, чтобы учащиеся могли выразить собственное речевое наречие различным образом, индивидуально каждому из них.

    Материалы по лингвострановедческому аспекту представлены в виде текстов различных оформлений (рассказы, диалоги, статьи, письма, сводки) в письменной форме и форме текстов аудирования, в максимальной степени отражающие реалии страны изучаемого языка и родного языка. Таким образом, текст служит стимулом для начала беседы, формирования самостоятельного высказывания и выражения собственного мнения на предложенные темы.

    В качестве дополнения к текстовому наполнению УМК “Forward” возможно предложить ряд следующих страноведческих текстов.

    Раздел «New friends» рациональным было бы дополнить краткой историей происхождения народов, например, текстом №1 «The discovery of America» и №12 «Native Americans». Данные материалы соответствуют стилистике уже существующих текстов и заданий, позволяют расширить знания учащихся необычными фактами о стране изучаемого языка и сопоставить со знаниями о происхождении своего народа, провести анализ и выявить интересные особенности, воспитать культурологическое уважение.

    Так как разделы «A message on computer» и «A computer magazine» не содержат никаких страноведческих материалов и посвящены отвлеченному сюжетному отрывку, в качестве промежуточного между ними и следующим можно использовать тексты №13 «Primary schools in England» в качестве ресурса информации о образовательной системе Великобритании и о том, как проходят уроки сверстников самих учащихся.

Далее следует раздел «In the rain forest», посвященный природе, выживанию в диких услових и животных, в соответствии с чем уместным будет предложить текст №2 «The land of blue mountains», дающий красочные представления об Австралии как англоговорящей страны.

Раздел «What do you know about Russia?» даст учащимся ещё более широкие взгляды на свою страну, её культуру и историю. В качестве дополнения мы в нашей научной работе предлагаем тексты №8 «The Hermitage» и №5 «My first visit to Bolshoi» как яркое описание культурно-исторических ценностей России.

В рамках раздела «Find Joseph Alexander» для введения в атмосферу англоязычной культуры и проведения сравнительных характеристик можно добавить тексты №7 ««Unwritten rules» of Great Britain», №4 «The Superstitions in Britain», № 11 «The history of Thanksgiving».

Доработать раздел «A shape in the mist» можно посредством использования текста №9 «Holidays in Brighton», создавая представления о популярных местах в Англии в противопоставление России.

В разделе «The painting on the wall» представлены деятели истории и искусства. В связи с этим уместно было бы добавить текст №6 о принцессе Диане, №3 о Уолте Диснее и №10 об истории брендов Макдональдс и Кока-кола как знаковых символов англоязычной культуры.

 

ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ A

Текст №1. THE DISCOVERY OF AMERICA

Last summer my father and I went to Brighton [΄braɪtən].
Brighton is a lovely place in the South of England. There are a
lot of hotels

In our days everybody knows what the word “America” means. First of all it is the name of the country – the United States of America – or just America. And then America is the name of the two continents – North America and South America. These two continents, North and South America, form the part of the world called America.

Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492.
“In fourteen hundred and ninety-two Columbus sailed the ocean blue…”
This is a song that many children learn about Christopher Columbus and his journey to America.

We don’t know much about the man. He was born in Italy but lived in Spain for a long time. He was a seaman and made many sea voyages. In 1492 the King and the Queen of Spain gave him money to go to India. He decided to sail west as he was sure that our planet was round. And after sailing 4000 miles (6400 kilometers), he reached some land. Columbus thought that it must be India but it was not. It was America – Central America in fact. People began to speak about the land as “the New World”

Текст №2. THE LAND OF BLUE MOUNTAINS

The Great Barrier Reef on the coast of Queensland is a gar­den under the sea. There are 1,400 different fishes, and more than 300 kinds of coral here. Tropical fruit and flowers grow on the beautiful islands. It is not a surprise that many people come to Queensland for holiday every year.

Tasmania, the island south of Australia, is small. It is as big as England. It is also very different from the other states. There are no deserts in Tasmania. It often rains in winter and summer. Only half a million people live in Tas­mania, and a large part of the island is still beautiful wild forests. These forests are full of wonderful flow­ers and interesting animals.

In the Northern Territory you will find the red heart of Australia. And it really is red, with red rocks, red sand, and red skies in the evening. Every year, thousands of tourists visit Ayers Rock and red stones called «the Olgas». But these places are also holy to the Aboriginals. They believe that the land is alive.

Sydney is the best known place in New South Wales. It’s well-known place in Australia. But New South Wales has more than cities. There are, for example, the Blue Moun­tains. They are called so because there are forests of blue eucalyp­tus trees. There is a million of drops of eucalyptus oil in the air. When the sun shines, the air of the Blue Mountains is a real, beautiful blue colour.

One hundred years ago, there was nothing except sheep in Canberra. But Australians needed the capital city. The Work began in 1913. Now, Canberra is an international business city. It’s a beautiful place, with parks, lakes, big open streets and fine buildings.

South Australia is the driest state, but it has the Murrey River that make plants green and gives water to people. In the early Australian history, the Murrey River was South Australia’s main road. Before real roads and railways came, the river carried people and things into the country.

Australia is called «the lucky country». The reason is the wonderful riches under the earth: gold and silver, coal and other. There are two types of gold in Australia. The first gold is wheat. The second gold is real gold. People found it in Kalgoorlie in 1893, and the «Golden Mile» was the most expensive piece of land in the world.

Текст №3. WALT DISNEYS WORLD

I think you know the name of Walt Disney. To many people in our century his name means the world of cartoons. Disney has created a lot of short cartoons and many longer films. His name is very famous, and not only in America.

Walt Disney was born in Chicago on December 5, 1901. Then his family left that city in the North of America for a place in the South. When Walt Disney grew up, he began to draw pictures and create cartoons, and one day he had an idea to make a mouse the main character of the cartoons.

He told his wife, Lidia, about this mouse character as a funny friendly little thing, who could speak, dance and sing and who in fact, could live like a man. Thats a good idea, Lidia said. Call him Mickey. So that is what Disney called him. In 1928 the audience saw Mickey Mouse on the screen for the first time. Mickey became very popular and soon Walt Disney and Mickey Mouse were famous stars.

Then came other characters: Donald Duck, Pluto, and many, many more. Some of them are bright, some are not, but all of them are usually kind and friendly. And Disneys main characters are always clever. In fact Disney has created a special animal world full of optimism and success.

Disney’s stories end happily. All his films are easy and nice to watch. People always enjoy his cartoons very much. One day an idea came to Disney. He wanted to create a special place, a special land for children and parents to have fun together. So he built Disneyland. Disneyland is in California near Los Angeles.

This is the place for children of all ages. This is also a place for their parents to return to the world of childhood because that is what happens when they spend a day at Disneyland. At Disneyland you can have voyage on a boat, you can take a train, you can travell to the stars, take a trip to the mountains, meet all the Disney characters...Or only sit in the sun and eat ice cream.

Текст №4. THE SUPERSTITIONS IN BRITAIN

There are many superstitions in Britain. But one of the most popular is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house. It will bring misfortune to the person that opened it or to the house. The person who opens an um­brella in fine weather is very unpopular.

It’s very unlucky to walk under a stairs. If you want to go under stairs, you’ll never meet unluck, if you will cross your fingers.

The number 13 is unlucky. When it’s Friday, the thirteenth, people stay at home or do things very carefully.

The worst misfortune is to break a mir­ror. It will bring you seven years of bad luck. This tradition came from ancient times, when the mirror was a tool of gods.

And at last there is a superstition of touching wood for luck. People do it when they said or done something wrong or stupid.

Текст №5. MY FIRST VISIT TO THE BOLSHOI

I will never forget my first visit to the theatre. My mother took me to the Bolshoi Theatre to see “The Sleeping Beauty”. We took the underground there, as the Bolshoi Theatre is in the centre of Moscow. It took us a quarter of an hour to get there. When we arrived at the theatre we could see many people in the hall. Some of them had programmes ['prəʊgræmz] in their hands. My mother bought one for us. Then she led the way to our seats. They were not expensive but we could see the stage very well. Then the lights went down1 and the curtain rose. We could see a beautiful palace on the stage and we could hear beautiful music. The scenery was fantastic. I liked the ballet ['bæleɪ] very much. The leading dancer was so good, that when the performance was over there was a storm of applause [ə'plɔ:z]. My mother enjoyed the performance greatly and she promised to take me to the opera ['ɒрrə] at a later date.

Текст №6. THE PEOPLE’S PRINCESS

         Diana Spencer was born on the first of July 1961 in San­dringham in England. She had two older sisters and a younger brother. In childhood she liked games, swimming, running and dancing. She wanted to become a dancer. Also she loved children very much and whe she was sixteen she worked in schools for very young children.

         Diana became princess, when Prince Charles, the Queen’s son, asked her to be his wife and they got married. They had two sons Princes Harry and William. They travelled a lot, they worked a lot, they visited many countries together. But Diana was not happy because they were different.

        Why was Diana the most famous, the most beautiful, the most photographed woman in the world? Why did she win the hearts of millions and millions of people in many countries? Why did so many people come to London to remember her when she died? Why did the car accident which took her life become a shock to people? Why did the tears and love at the funeral move the world?

The answer is so simple. She was a lovely lady. She did so much for those people and less for herself. She was a kind woman. Hundreds of people talked about Diana’s kindness. She liked simple people, though she was rich and had many rich friends. She helped sick and poor people. She visited hospitals for ill people and wasn’t afraid to touch them, talk to them, listen to them. She worked on children’s charities. Diana wanted to give people not only money. She wanted to give them a part of her soul, to make them happy because she was unhappy. She wanted to give them love, because she needed love. She was the People’s Princess.

Текст №7. «UNWRITTEN RULES» OF GREAT BRITAIN

       Good and bad manners make the rules of a country. It’s not always easy to learn them, but you can’t find it in books. Britains’ behavior is a surprise for tourists.

You mustn’t get on a bus without waiting in the queue. The other people in the queue will be angry!

      In some countries the bad manner is to eat in the street. In Britain at lunchtime people eat everywhere.

    If you come to the restaurant with your parents, you mustn’t be noisy and active, because it’s rude. Today you can visit it, but earlier children mustn’t come to theaters, restaurants and other public places.

     Social rules are an important part of our culture as they come from history. The British call it "unwritten rules".

Текст №8. THE HERMITAGE

   One of the world-wide known museums is the Hermitage. The word «Hermitage» means «a place of loneliness». This name was given in the XVIII century by Catherine II to her private museum. It was in small building near the Winter Palace. The Hermitage grew into one of the greatest museums of the world. Now it’s five buildings. The names of exhibitions are People of the East, of the Prehistoric culture, of the Russian cul­ture, of Western European art, classical antiquities and numismatics.

One of the rooms that impressed visitor the most is St. George Hall. It is and example of Classical style and decorated in the white marble and golden bronze. It was for crowning of Tzars.

The Leonardo da Vinci Hall is one of the most gorgeous in­teriors. The hall is decorated in the style of 17 century French Baroque and has works of Leonardo da Vinci. The Rembrandt collection is very big, it has 24 rare pictures.

Текст №9. HOLIDAYS IN BRIGHTON

Last summer my father and I went to Brighton [΄braɪtən].
Brighton is a lovely place in the South of England. There are a
lot of hotels [həʊ'telz] in Brighton. We lived in a small hotel
at 41 High Street, on the fourth floor in a “double”. A dou-
ble is a room with two beds. Our room in the hotel was com-
fortable and rather large. There was not much furniture in our
room. We had a small table, two beds, two chairs and an arm-
chair, a sofa and a TV set in the corner of the room. The table
was in the middle of the room. My father’s bed was on the left
and my bed was on the right by the window.

There was a mirror and two lovely pictures of Brighton on
the wall. The curtains on the windows were yellow and they
made the room bright and nice indeed. It was rather quiet in
the room as it was at the back of the hotel.

The bathroom was small. There we had a bath, a toilet and a
wash basin. We could take a shower in the bathroom, and
I usually had one in the afternoon after my swim in the sea.

The hotel was on the hill and the view was lovely. There
were a lot of green trees and beautiful flowers behind the hotel
and the sea was in front of it. We came to Brighton by car and
spent two wonderful weeks there. We are going to spend our next
summer there again.

Текст №10. THE HISTORY OF «MCDONALD’S» AND «COCA-COLA»

   In 1937 the McDonnald brothers, Dick and Mark, opened little restaurant in California. They served hot dogs and milk shakes. In 1945 they have 20 waiters. All the teenagers in town ate hamburgers there. In 1948 they got paper boxes and bags for the hamburgers. They put the price down from 30 to 15 cents. There were no more waiters — it was self-service. So it was cheaper and faster.

In 1960s the McDonald’s company opened hundreds of McDonald’s restaurants in all States. In 1971 they opened restaurants in Japan, Germany and Australia. Now the McDonald’s company opens a new restaurant every 8 hours. There are more than 14,000 restaurants in over 70 countries.

  The Coca-Cola story began in Atlanta in 1886. John Pemberton invented a new drink. Two of the ingredients were the South American coca leaf and the African cola nut. Pemberton couldn’t think of a good name for the drink. Finally, Dr. Pemberton’s partner Frank Robinson called it Coca-Cola. Thirty years later the famous Coca-Cola bottle design first appeared.

  For many years only Coca-Cola was made. They only intro­duced new drinks — Fanta, Sprite in the 1960s. The recipe of Coca-Cola is a secret. Today they sell Coca-Cola in 195 countries. Hundreds of millions of people from Boston to Beijing drink it every day. It has the most famous product in the world.

Текст №11. THE HISTORY OF THANKSGIVING

The last Thursday in November, as you know, is a holiday in America. People call this holiday Thanksgiving Day. It is perhaps the most important day in the American year. People go to church, and families come together for the day. They decorate their houses with autumn fruits and flowers and prepare traditional American food: roast turkey, potatoes and pumpkin. It’s rather like Christmas, but what are people celebrating? What are they giving thanks for?

Do you remember about the first colonists in New England? In 1620 they came to America and began a new life there. It was a very hard life. Many people were sick and died during the first winter in the cold. In the spring the colonists started to farm the land. The work was difficult and full of danger. In New England, the place where they lived, there were many wild birds. They were like chickens but much bigger. They were turkeys. In the autumn of 1621 the colonists had their first harvest. It was rather good. The colonists decided to have a special dinner. They wanted to thank God – to give him their thanks for many things. It was a difficult year, but the people still had food to eat. The colonists had a thanksgiving dinner for all the people. It lasted three days. For the whole three days they gave thanks for their good harvest and their happy year in a new country.

Wild turkeys were on the table of this meal and since then the turkey has become a symbol of Thanksgiving Day.

Текст №12. NATIVE AMERICANS

Native Americans came from Asia. Over 20 000 years ago they travelled across the land between Siberia and Alaska.

When English colonists came to the New World on board the “Mayflower” the Naative Americans met them and were very friendly and helped them a lot. In those days people lived in small earth houses and grew their own food. Some Indians ate only grass, nuts and what fruit they could find. Other people were fishermen and lived in wooden houses. Most Native Americans were very peaceful. They wanted to live happily with nature and each other. They believed in many gods and thought that gods lived in trees, stones, water and fire. They believed their gods could bring success in hunting, farming and fishing. They often had special ceremonies with dances and music before they went hunting or fishing or when they began farming.

Native American songs and poems are a very important part of their traditions as they help them to keep their history and culture alive.

Another famous traditions was smoking of a peace pipe. When they smoked thi pipe together with people they didn’t know, it meant friendship andpeace.

Many years ago Native American tribes lived in all parts of the USA, and hunted and fished wherever they chose. Now most of them live n por lands to the west of the Mississippi River. Many live on “reservations”.

Текст №13. PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN ENGLAND

In Great Britain school begins at the age of four or five. Many boys and girls usually leave school at the age of sixteen.

In England the school year begins in September, but not always on the first day of the month.The weather is usually fine. It is warm. The sky is often blue and the sun is bright. School seldom begins on Monday because the English think that Monday is not a good day to start school.
Little children go to school with their parents. They look so clean and nice and don't have any bags or books with them. Pupils will get them later. They will get exercise books, pencils, pens, rulers and rubbers too.

Classes usually begin at nine. Pupils have a break at 10.30 and may have a drink of milk or orange juice. At half past twelve or at one o'clock they usually have lunch. Their classes are not always formal. They often sit on the carpet on the floor and listen to their teacher. They draw or play games. They often look at the animals they have at school — hamster, rabbits or hares. Sometimes there are birds or fish in their classrooms.

Teachers usually read fairy-tales and stories to them or sometimes they tell them something interesting.

English pupils often play outdoors.