2022-02-08
274
THE PASSIVE WITH MODALS
ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ С МОДАЛЬНЫМИ ГЛАГОЛАМИ
Сказуемое в пассивном залоге, содержащее модальный глагол, образуется при помощи модального глагола, 1-й формы глагола to be и 3-й формы основного глагола: MV + BE + 3rd FORM
Для выражения возможности, вероятности употребляются модальные глаголы can / could и may / might + пассивный инфинитив:
The shuttle bus can be seen through the window. Автобус видно (можно видеть) через окно.
The unpleasant situation couldn't be avoided. Неприятной ситуации нельзя было избежать.
It can be done very soon. Это можно сделать очень скоро.
The new project might be finished this year. Новый проект, возможно, будет завершен в этом году.
Для выражения необходимости, долженствования употребляются модальные глаголы have (got) to, ought to, should, must + пассивный инфинитив:
The important letter has to be sent immediately. Это важное письмо надо отправить немедленно.
The tickets had to be booked in advance. Билеты надо было заказывать заранее.
All the arrangements should be done quickly. Все приготовления следует сделать быстро.
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That museum simply must be visited! Просто необходимо посетить этот музей!
The doctor ought to be consulted as soon as possible. Как можно скорее надо проконсультироваться с врачом.
GRAMMAR EXERCISES
I. Present Simple Passive or Present Progressive Passive? Настоящее простое в пассивном залоге или настоящее длительное:
1.The computer (use) at that moment. Wait a minute, please.
a) is being used; b) is used.
2.How often... elections for President (hold) in Russia?
a)are... being held; b) are held.
3. This room usually (clean) by my brother.
a)is cleaned; b) is being cleaned.
4. These books and magazines (sell) everywhere.
a)are being sold; b) are sold.
5. Lorries (not/make) at this plant.
a) are not made; b) are not being made.
6. There's somebody walking behind us. We (follow) by somebody.
a) are followed; b) are being followed.
7.Don't worry. The luggage (take) to the train by the porter at the moment.
a) is taken; b) is being taken.
8.Usually she (meet) at the station by her relatives.
a) is being met; b) is met.
9.Every year my old uncle (give) a cheque and a present by his manager.
a)is given; b) is being given.
10. English (speak) all over the world.
a)is spoken; b) is being spoken.
11. My car (fill) in the garage at the moment.
a) is being filled; b) is filled.
12.Wait a minute, please. Your report (type).
a) is typed; b) is being typed.
13.The car (drive) well by my father. I can't drive at all.
a) is being driven; b) is driven.
14.The office (not/use) at the moment because it (redecorate).
a) isn't being used; is being redecorated; b) isn't used; is redecorated.
15.The room (warm) by an electric fire when it is cold.
a) is being warmed; b) is warmed.
II. Past Simple Passive or Past Progressive Passive? Прошедшее простое в пассивном залоге или пошедше едлительное:
1.The book (tear) by my baby-sister. I'm so sorry about it.
a) was torn; b) was being torn.
2. The books written by Mark Twain (read) by children with great interest.
a)were read; b) were being read.
3.1 couldn't go out because my clothes (wash).
a) were being washed; b) were washed.
4. Henry told us that a new library (build) near our school.
a) was built; b) was being built.
5. He (show) the way to the station.
a) was shown; b) was being shown.
6. We saw that the woman and the child (follow) by a large crowd of people.
a) were followed; b) were being followed.
7. The Captain of the Guard (give) the order to bring the prisoners into the hall.
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a) was given; b) was being given.
8. My room (clean) at the moment I arrived.
a) was being cleaned; b) was cleaned.
9. They wanted to go to the cinema, but all the seats (sell) out.
a) were sold; b) were being sold.
10. Beautiful stamps (receive) by a member of the young stamp collectors circle.
a) were being received; b) were received.
11. The moment Lilly came home, we (show) wonderful collections of stamps and coins.
a)were being shown; b) were shown.
12.I didn't realize that our conversation (record) by somebody.
a)was being recorded; b) was recorded.
13. Two people (arrest) by the police last night.
a) were arrested; b) were being arrested.
14. The pupils of our class took care of the young trees which (plant) last autumn.
a) were being planted; b) were planted.
15. This funny episode often (talk) about in our school.
a) was talked; b) was being talked.
III. Past Simple Passive or Present Perfect Passive (Прошедшее простое в пассивном залоге или настоящее завершенное:
1.We (wake up) by a. loud noise during the night.
a) were woken up; b) have been woken up.
2. My watch (repair). Now it is working again.
a) has been repaired; b) was repaired.
3. The first football game (lose) by our team.
a) was lost; b) has been lost.
4. Why... Bill (sack) from his job?
a) has been sacked; b) was sacked.
5. We (advise) not to miss the train because the next one would be late.
a) were advised; b) have been advised.
6. Look! A new hospital (build) near the airport.
a) was built; b) has been built.
7. My car (steal). It (disappear).
a) has been stolen; has been disappeared; b) was stolen; disappeared.
8. All flights (cancel) because of the weather.
a) were cancelled; b) have been cancelled.
9. My umbrella (take) by somebody. It (disappear).
a) was taken; has been disappeared; b) has been taken; disappeared.
10. The children (tell) to go to the library and take the books.
a) were told; b) have been told.
11.... you ever (teach) how to read English words?
a) Have... been taught; b) Were... taught.
12.... my book (publish) already? I can't wait any more.
a) Was... published; b) Have... been published.
13. Do you know where the helicopter (construct)"!
a) was constructed; b) has been constructed.
14. It smells delicious. My favourite food (prepare).
a) was prepared; b) has been prepared.
15. David disappeared some months ago.... he (see) by somebody since then?
a) Has... seen; b) Was... seen.
IV. Future Simple Passive of Future-in-the-Past Passive? Будущее простое в пассивном залоге или будущее в прошедшем:
1.The window (break) if the wind blows.
a) will be broken; b) would be broken.
2. 'When... the doctor (send) for?'—'He has been sent already.'
a)would... be sent; b) will... be sent.
3.1 was very happy that my brother (teach) at the university by the professor Green.
a) would be taught; b) will be taught.
4. '... your letter (post) tomorrow?'—'No, I haven't written it yet.'
a) Would... be posted; b) Will... be posted.
5. Roy said they (take) by his wife for a walk.
a) would be taken; b) will be taken.
6. They (throw) out at the next election, I think.
a)will be thrown; b) would be thrown.
7.1 wanted to believe that the parcel (not/open) by the children.
a) will not be opened; b) would not be opened.
8. We've collected all the documents that (need) for the house sale.
a) would be needed; b) will be needed.
9. No one expected that the party (postpone).
a) will be postponed; b) would be postponed.
10. If the thieves made their escape through the kitchen, several pieces of equipment (damage) by them.
a) would be damaged; b) will be damaged.
11. Let's go into the garden where we (not/overhear) by somebody.
a) will not be overheard; b) would not be overheard.
12. If the thieves break into the bank, many articles of value (steal) by them.
a) would be stolen; b) will be stolen.
13. The police hoped that the burglar (identify) by you or another witness.
a) will be identified; b) would be identified.
14. The gallery (re-organize) and most of the valuable works (move) for safe keeping if we didn't get there.
a) would be re-organized; would be moved; b) will be re-organized; will be moved.
15. All travel expenses for this training course (pay) by employers.
a) will be paid; b) would be paid.
