Рис. 5. Мутационная модель прогрессирования колоректального рака под воздействием Fusobacterium nucleatum

Рис. 5. Мутационная модель прогрессирования колоректального рака под воздействием Fusobacterium nucleatum.

В нормальной клетке уровеньаннексина А1 (ANXA1) низкий, степень связывания адгезина FadA с E-кадгерином (CDH1) слабая. В клетках опухоли уровень аннексина А1 значительно возрастает, усиливается степень связывания FadA с E-кадгерином, в результате чего формируется комплекс FadA-E-кадгерин-Аннексин А1-β-катенин, активация β-катенина приводит к прогрессированию опухоли.

КМ – клеточная мембрана.

Криптоспоридиоз - паразитарное заболевание, вызываемое протистами рода Cryptosporidium из типа Апикомлекс - может быть связан с колоректальными злокачественными новообразованиями, аденокарциномой желудочно-кишечного тракта. Кроме того, сообщалось, что Cryptosporidium parvum является одним из инфекционных агентов, которые могут вызывать дисплазию кишечника¹³⁸. В большинстве случаев криптоспоридиоз представляет опасность для детей до 2-х лет, пациентов с иммунодефицитными состояниями и получающих длительную иммуносупрессивную терапию. Именно поэтому для снижения риска заражения криптоспоридиозом необходимо осуществлять обеззараживание сточных вод, кипячение водопроводной воды, установку дополнительных фильтров для очистки воды, а также соблюдать противоэпидемический режим в детских и лечебных учреждениях, а также меры личной гигиены.

Выводы.

Таким образом, принимая во внимание генетические факторы риска и факторы воздействия окружающей среды, в дальнейшем необходимо разработать индивидуальные меры по предотвращению заболеваемости онкологическими заболеваниями. Для этого следует:

1) выявить новые генетические и экологические факторы риска злокачественных новообразований, а также понимать процессы взаимодействия генетической информации и окружающей среды;

2) полноценно изучить процесс предраковых изменений и их прогрессирование в рак, молекулярные сигнатуры повреждения и восстановления ДНК, которым подверглись раковые клетки и их предшественники;

3) разработать более точные индивидуальные тесты оценки риска возникновения опухолей, что позволит пациентам получать наиболее подходящую медицинскую помощь для контроля этого риска;

4) более детально изучить технологии редактирования генома (например, CRISPR / Cas9), что позволит ускорить процесс исследования онкопатологии, являясь эффективной технологией для анализа механизмов канцерогенеза, определения мишеней для разработки лекарств и, возможно, подготовки специальных клеток для клеточной терапии;

5) определить новые подходы к профилактике онкологических заболеваний и усовершенствовать существующие, а именно:

-агитировать население вести здоровый образ жизни (заниматься спортом; придерживаться диеты, богатой фруктами, овощами, клетчаткой, с небольшим количеством красного мяса; отказаться от курения и употребления алкоголя),

-вести просветительскую работу о влиянии факторов риска на возникновение онкологических заболеваний, осуществлять консультативные мероприятия для обучения населения грамотному использованию контрацептивов и гормональной терапии,

-проводить профилактику инфекционных заболеваний (вовремя изолировать больного человека от общества и применять должную терапию; чаще проводить профилактические обследования; вакцинировать людей, оказавшихся в группе риска),

-изобрести новые методы профилактики инфекционных и паразитарных заболеваний,

-изучить влияние микробиоты на риск возникновения опухолей и регулировать видовое разнообразие и соотношение с помощью новых пробиотиков или трансплантации фекальной микробиоты,

-выявить новые канцерогенные химические агенты или убедиться в безопасности ныне известных веществ,

-постоянно внедрять новые технологии для улучшения процесса скрининга как для профилактики, так и для раннего выявления злокачественных новообразований.

 

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Ещё бы вставить инфу из этой статьи: 10.1093/jn/nxz081

Что по дозировке и как влияло

добавить тамоксифен, анастрозол, метформин, вакцинацию

[АК3]Обязательно! Особенно тамоксифен увеличивающий рак эндометрия.

Вакцинацию я бы не трогала, спорная тема